非稳态风边界条件下的自然通风机理及效率

研究动态自然风风向情况下的自然通风效果,对自然风基础数据进行长期实测,并分析自然风风向动态变化的特征。设计风向动态变化的风洞试验及CFD数值模拟分析,对非稳态自然风条件下的自然通风进行定量化研究,并定性解释不同建筑条件下的非稳态自然通风机理。结果表明:自然风风向在主导风向两侧±45°范围内随机振动,客观动态变化的自然风相对于假定的稳态自然风而言,打破了通风短路的情况,根据建筑条件不同,通风效果提高10%～50%。     

Self-interstitials generated on silicon bulk surface

Pentacene for p-channel organic field effect transistors(OTFTs) and perfluoropentacene for n-channel OTFTs have attracted strong attentions to be used as CMOS type organic semiconductor materials for flexible organic displays.n-channel OTFTs with different gate insulators of polyimide(PI) and SiO_2 and perfluoropentacene as a semiconductor layer were fabricated,and their instability of the transistor characteristics measured in air,vacuum and oxygen was investigated.The results show that both of the tran...     

从团粒结构失稳角度探讨由灌溉引起的黄土湿陷发生机理

利用SEM/EDX等测试手段,探讨了由灌溉引起的黄土湿陷发生机理.结果表明:黄土湿陷过程包括初始快速变形和后续迟缓变形2个阶段,这2个阶段的发生都与黄土的骨架颗粒--团粒有关.前者是由于黄土中非水稳性团粒遇水破坏所至,而后者是因为水的渗透造成黄土团粒主要胶结物碳酸钙的淋溶移动损失,从而导致失稳.黄土中松散结构或架空孔隙的存在是产生湿陷的重要条件,但不是湿陷发生的根本原因.     

土壤种子库在荒废地植被恢复工程中的应用

以日本大阪府箕面市大阪国际文化公园都市建设地的栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）林下5cm厚表土为材料,以大阪府枚方市山田池公园的一隅荒地为试验地,做小规模的森林表土铺撒试验。从土壤种子库的生态学意义出发,探讨森林表土作为植被恢复绿化手段的可能性。对土壤种子库的植物种类组成、不同处理区出芽个体数状况、幼苗早期的生长情况、植被的形成、出芽植物种类与土壤采集地植被的关系以及不同的处理对出芽植物的影响等方面做了分析研究。     

The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom

Iron supply has a key role in stimulating phytoplankton blooms in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll oceanic waters. However, the fate of the carbon fixed by these blooms, and how efficiently it is exported into the ocean's interior, remains largely unknown. Here we report on the decline and fate of an iron-stimulated diatom bloom in the Gulf of Alaska. The bloom terminated on day 18, following the depletion of iron and then silicic acid, after which mixed-layer particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations declined over six days. Increased particulate silica export via sinking diatoms was recorded in sediment traps at depths between 50 and 125 m from day 21, yet increased POC export was not evident until day 24. Only a small proportion of the mixed-layer POC was intercepted by the traps, with more than half of the mixed-layer POC deficit attributable to bacterial remineralization and mesozooplankton grazing. The depletion of silicic acid and the inefficient transfer of iron-increased POC below the permanent thermocline have major implications both for the biogeochemical interpretation of times of greater iron supply in the geological past, and also for proposed geo-engineering schemes to increase oceanic carbon sequestration.     

Chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type III secretion

Type III protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. These systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Proteins are thought to travel this pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted proteins, are essential for secretion. Here we show that InvC, an ATPase associated with a Salmonella enterica type III secretion system, has a critical function in substrate recognition. Furthermore, InvC induces chaperone release from and unfolding of the cognate secreted protein in an ATP-dependent manner. Our results show a similarity between the mechanisms of substrate recognition by type III protein secretion systems and AAA + ATPase disassembly machines.     

Knowledge synthesis in technology development

This paper introduces a knowledge construction model called the i-System for knowledge integration and creation and its relation to the new concept of the Creative Space. The five ontological elements of the i-System are Intelligence, Involvement, Imagination, Intervention, and Integration corresponding to five diverse dimensions of the Creative Space. The paper discusses the meanings and functions of these dimensions in knowledge integration and creation, and presents applications of the i-System to technology roadmapping and archiving.     

Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D

Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher plants. Here we report the 16,520,305-base-pair sequence of the 20 chromosomes of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. We identified 5,331 genes in total, of which at least 86.3% were expressed. Unique characteristics of this genomic structure include: a lack of introns in all but 26 genes; only three copies of ribosomal DNA units that maintain the nucleolus; and two dynamin genes that are involved only in the division of mitochondria and plastids. The conserved mosaic origin of Calvin cycle enzymes in this red alga and in green plants supports the hypothesis of the existence of single primary plastid endosymbiosis. The lack of a myosin gene, in addition to the unexpressed actin gene, suggests a simpler system of cytokinesis. These results indicate that the C. merolae genome provides a model system with a simple gene composition for studying the origin, evolution and fundamental mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.     

磁性复合抛光体配制及其抛光性能试验研究

介绍一种新的磁性复合抛光体（MPT）的配制及检测方法．新的磁性抛光体是将磁性复合流体和磨粒、植物纤维素均匀混合,通过外加磁场压缩制成的,在磁场作用下为半固态．MPT的主要成分及规格：煤油基纳米直径Fe3O4的磁流体（MF）、微米级直径的铁粉、微米级直径的纯Al2O3磨粒．对几种混合比例的MPT分别进行了SEM的显微观察和抛光作用力的三维检测,在给定压力下对MPT的剪切力和抛光性能进行了试验．结果表明：磁性复合抛光体的配比影响着MPT最大剪切力,具有承受剪切力大的磁性抛光体的抛光效果较好．该研究为复杂曲面的高效、高质量抛光提供了应用依据．     

Optimum sintering conditions for optical properties of translucent aluminum nitride ceramics

High translucency is one of the excellent properties of AlN ceramics because of its wide optical band gap energy of 6.2 eV. We have achieved success in producing AlN ceramic tube of 98% total visible light transmittance at 0.6 mm thick tube wall by applying an improved sintering technique. This AlN ceramic was produced by sintering at 1880℃ using Ca3Al2O6 as a sintering additive and in reduction atmosphere to remove the sintering additive from the final sintered material. After the sintering, the annealing ...