图式理论及其教学意义

图式理论是认知心理学研究的一个重要方面。不同时期的心理学家从不同角度和侧面对图式理论进行了深入探索，本文对此进行了评析，同时剖析了现代图式理论的内涵、功能、习得以及图式理论的教学意义。     

Common variants at MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease

The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) performed a genome-wide association study of late-onset Alzheimer disease using a three-stage design consisting of a discovery stage (stage 1) and two replication stages (stages 2 and 3). Both joint analysis and meta-analysis approaches were used. We obtained genome-wide significant results at MS4A4A (rs4938933; stages 1 and 2, meta-analysis P (P(M)) = 1.7 × 10(-9), joint analysis P (P(J)) = 1.7 × 10(-9); stages 1, 2 and 3, P(M) = 8.2 × 10(-12)), CD2AP (rs9349407; stages 1, 2 and 3, P(M) = 8.6 × 10(-9)), EPHA1 (rs11767557; stages 1, 2 and 3, P(M) = 6.0 × 10(-10)) and CD33 (rs3865444; stages 1, 2 and 3, P(M) = 1.6 × 10(-9)). We also replicated previous associations at CR1 (rs6701713; P(M) = 4.6 × 10(-10), P(J) = 5.2 × 10(-11)), CLU (rs1532278; P(M) = 8.3 × 10(-8), P(J) = 1.9 × 10(-8)), BIN1 (rs7561528; P(M) = 4.0 × 10(-14), P(J) = 5.2 × 10(-14)) and PICALM (rs561655; P(M) = 7.0 × 10(-11), P(J) = 1.0 × 10(-10)), but not at EXOC3L2, to late-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility.     

From Philosophy to Engineering

In the years since I first thought of the possibility of producing artificial black holes, my focus on it has shifted from the role of life in the universe to a practical suggestion for the middle-term future, which I think of as on the order of a few centuries.     

试论碳酸盐岩中一种新的颗粒类型——成岩颗粒

本文讨论了沉积作用后多种成岩作用形成的一些碳酸盐颗粒的新类型。球粒、内碎屑、团块、角砾、异形粒等都可以由同生-成岩作用或纯成岩作用形成。正确认识成岩颗粒可以帮助恢复成岩条件和成岩发展史。     

Alkaline phosphatase in the mesentery and epididymal fat pad of normal and hypertensive rats

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Phosphataseaktivität im Mesenterium und Fettpolster des Nebenhodens normotensiver und hypertensiver Ratten durch chemische Quantitätsbestimmung und histochemische Lokalisation bestimmt.     

Changes in the numbers of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesizing nuclei in the adrenal cortex following unilateral nephrectomy in the rat

Zusammenfassung Histoautoradiographisch wird mit³H-Thymidin der Nebennierenrinde gezeigt, dass nach unilateraler Nephrektomie bei der Ratte die Thymidineinbaurate in der Nebenniere (zona glomerulosa und zona fasciculata) ansteigt.     

Cell-cycle, cell-shape mutant with features of the Go state.

A cold-sensitive mutant of CHO cells has features of "reverse transformation" at the non-premissive temperature of 33 degrees C. Cells accumulate at G1 with altered morphology and remain viable and quiescent for more than 40 d. Such cultures are synchronised by a temperature shift back to the permissive 39 degrees C.     

Changes in fisheries discard rates and seabird communities

It is clear that discards from commercial fisheries are a key food resource for many seabird species around the world. But predicting the response of seabird communities to changes in discard rates is problematic and requires historical data to elucidate the confounding effects of other, more 'natural' ecological processes. In the North Sea, declining stocks, changes in technical measures, changes in population structure and the establishment of a recovery programme for cod (Gadus morhua) will alter the amount of fish discarded. This region also supports internationally important populations of seabirds, some of which feed extensively, but facultatively, on discards, in particular on undersized haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Here we use long-term data sets from the northern North Sea to show that there is a direct link between discard availability and discard use by a generalist predator and scavenger--the great skua (Stercorarius skua). Reduced rates of discarding, particularly when coupled with reduced availability of small shoaling pelagic fish such as sandeel (Ammodytes marinus), result in an increase in predation by great skuas on other birds. This switching of prey by a facultative scavenger presents a potentially serious threat to some seabird communities.