Selective effects of gonadal steroids on the response of peripheral serotonin receptors

Summary The maximal contraction provoked by serotonin (5-HT) in isolated stomach strips of adult rats, a functional index for peripheral 5-HT receptors, was sexually differentiated, androgen-sensitive, and estrogen refractory. This is at variance with the reported sensitivity of central 5-HT receptors to estrogen.     

La Distance des Etoiles au dix-huitième Siècle: L'Echelle des Magnitudes de John Michell

En dépit de la difficulté présentée par les mesures d'éclat, John Michell construisit au dix-huitième siècle une échelle de magnitude étonnante de précision et de rigueur. Mais il n'indique pas ses propres méthodes. Sans doute transposa-t-il aux étoiles les méthodes de Bouguer dont l'ouvrage faisait alors autorité en matière de photométrie. Son travail, dont il se contente d'exposer très brièvement les résultats sans en développer les principes, restera ignoré des autres astronomes.     

Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods

Euthycarcinoids are one of the most enigmatic arthropod groups, having been assigned to nearly all major clades of Arthropoda. Recent work has endorsed closest relationships with crustaceans or a myriapod-hexapod assemblage, a basal position in the Euarthropoda, or a placement in the Hexapoda or hexapod stem group. Euthycarcinoids are known from 13 species ranging in age from Late Ordovician or Early Silurian to Middle Triassic, all in freshwater or brackish water environments. Here we describe a euthycarcinoid from marine strata in Argentina dating from the latest Cambrian period, extending the group's record back as much as 50 million years. Despite its antiquity and marine occurrence, the Cambrian species demonstrates that morphological details were conserved in the transition to fresh water. Trackways in the same unit as the euthycarcinoid strengthen arguments that similar traces of subaerial origin from Cambro-Ordovician rocks were made by euthycarcinoids. Large mandibles in euthycarcinoids are confirmed by the Cambrian species. A morphology-based phylogeny resolves euthycarcinoids as stem-group Mandibulata, sister to the Myriapoda and Crustacea plus Hexapoda.     

Changes in red cells metabolism in presence of incomplete antibodies

Zusammenfassung Die unvollständigen Antikörper verursachen eine Hemmung der Erythrozytenglykolyse. Dieser Effekt ist völlig unabhängig von der Eigenschaft der sensibilisierten Erythrozyten, nach Zusatz von Rinderalbumin zu agglutinieren. Die Glykolyse wird durch Agglutinine (vollständige Antikörper) nicht gehemmt. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Pathogenese der Hämolyse wird kurz diskutiert.     

Critical relative indentation depth in carbon based thinfilms

The thin film hardness estimation by nanoindentation is influenced by substrate beyond a critical relative indentation depth(CRID). In this study we developed a methodology to identify the CRID in amorphous carbon film. Three types of amorphous carbon film deposited on silicon have been studied. The nanoindentation tests were carried out applying a 0.1–10 mN load range on a Berkovich diamond tip, leading to penetration depth-to-film thickness ratios of 8–100%. The work regained during unloading(We) and the work performed during loading(Wt) was estimated for each indentation. The trend of unload-to-load ratio(We/Wt) data as a function of depth has been studied. We/Wtdepth profiles showed a sigmoid trend and the data were fitted by means of a Hill sigmoid equation. Using Hill sigmoid fit and a simple analytical method it is possible to estimate CRID of carbon based films.     

Electrical membrane constants of sartorius muscle fibers from the South American froǵ,Leptodactylus ocellatus

Résumé Les constantes électriques de la membrane du m. sartorius, de la grenouille sudaméricaine,Leptodactylus ocellatus, ont été mesurées. Les résultats pour les cellules, dans du Ringer normal (2.5 mM potassium), s'accordent avec ceux deHubbard pourRana temporaria. En 2.5 mM cesium Ringer, une diminution de diamètre de 12% et une augmentation de 16% de la capacité de la membrane ont été observées.

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This work was supported in part by the US Navy department (offfice of Navy research), the US Automic Energy Commission, and the Direction General de Investtgations y Desarrollo, Ministerio de Defensa National Argentina.     

Die vasomotorische Wirkung von Heparin bei Normalen und bei an Raynaudscher Krankheit leidenden Patienten

Summary In 3 female patients withRaynaud's disease affecting the upper extremities, the skin temperature and plethysmographic measurements of the fingers were taken before and after thei.v. injection of 250 mg heparin (Liquemin Roche). The vasomotor effect thus observed was expressed by increase in skin temperature, pulse frequency and arterial supply, and also by decrease in duration and severity of experimentally induced ischemic attacks. After prolonged treatment with 250 mg heparini.v. daily, the skin temperature increased and the attacks decreased in frequency, duration and severity.These favorable results in functional arterial disorders are attributed to the established vasodilating action of heparin.