Amino-acid synthesis in carbonaceous meteorites by aqueous alteration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

It has been suggested that amino acids and other organic compounds found in carbonaceous meteorites formed by aqueous alteration in the meteorite parent bodies. Observations of carbonaceous material in interstellar grains and interplanetary dust particles indicate that condensed organic compounds may have been present in meteorite parent bodies at the time of aqueous alteration. One group of compounds thought to be representative of this carbonaceous material is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Recently it was proposed that PAHs condense on SiC grains in the molecular envelopes of carbon-rich red-giant stars, which would allow for their subsequent incorporation into meteorite parent bodies during accretion. This incorporation mechanism is supported by the identification of SiC grains in carbonaceous chondrites. The possibility therefore exists that PAHs, and/or other condensed organic compounds, represent the starting material for aqueous alteration which leads to the formation of amino acids and other water-soluble organic compounds. Here we present calculations of the distribution of aqueous organic compounds in metastable equilibrium with representative PAHs as functions of the fugacities of O2, CO2 and NH3. The results reported here for pyrene and fluoranthene, two PAHs with different structures but the same stoichiometry, differ greatly but indicate that the formation of amino and carboxylic acids is energetically favourable at probable parent-body alteration conditions. The actual reaction mechanisms involved could be revealed by consideration of isotope data for PAHs, amino acids, other organic compounds and carbonates in carbonaceous chondrites.     

磁流变液阻尼器用于转子振动控制的实验研究

实验研究了一种剪切式磁流变流阻尼器在转子振控制中的应用,实验发现,磁流变液阻尼器的刚度和阻尼随施工磁场强度的增加而增大;支承在磁流变液阻尼器上的转子系统的振幅在亚临界区及临界转速处随施加的磁场强度的增加而减小,而在超临界区则随磁场强度的增加而增大;系统的临界转速随磁场强度的增加而升高,通过简单的开关控制,可使转子的振动在全转速区的内达到最小。     

频变系统特征问题及其灵敏度分析的扩阶法

当振动系统的物理矩阵（刚度矩阵和／或质量矩阵）是频率的函数时,该特征问题就变为非线性特征问题．由于振型的非正交性,使得非线性特征问题及其灵敏度分析存在困难．针对可展成幂级数形式的非线性特征问题,提出了一种通过初始系统矩阵的扩阶来使原非线性问题线性化的扩阶方法．该方法的优点是：由于在线性化过程中未引入任何误差,因而是精确的;可适用于强非线性特征问题;可求得系统的所有特征值及其灵敏度．数值示例表明,该方法虽很简单,但十分有效．     

Investigations of ZnO thin films deposited by a reactive pulsed laser ablation

Highly transparent ZnO thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen atmosphere.The thin films were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,optical absorption,and photoluminescence.We demonstrated that oriented wurtzite ZnO thin films could be deposited at room temperature using a high purity zinc target.Variable temperature photoluminescence revealed new characteristics in the band edge emission.The...     

舰艇抗冲瓦隔声性能试验研究

抗冲瓦能够很好地实现对水下非接触爆炸载荷的整体冲击隔离.其特殊的空腔结构是否同时具有隔声性能也广为关注,为此,在某海域港湾内对一艘试验船进行了敷设与未敷设抗冲瓦的声辐射噪声对比试验.试验结果表明,抗冲瓦在广泛的频域内均具有良好的隔声性能.舰艇湿表面敷设抗冲瓦对舰艇本体噪声向水中辐射的抑制效果量级为:0.1～1 kHz频段约为5 dB:1～3 kHz约为10 dB;3 kHz以上15 dB,能够较大地降低舰艇的水中辐射噪声,为提高舰艇整体的隐身性能提供了一种新的技术和方法.     

Methane: an open or shut case?

The author examines conflicting models, especially evidence from Price and Schoell in this issue (see comment), for the creation of ore deposits and the movement of petroleum. The Bakken formation in North Dakota is used as an example of a petroleum reservoir that has not migrated from its original site. Analysis of natural gases at the site indicates a difference in gas distribution between the Bakken site and migratory sites. Controversies are examined in the context of advances in fluid-flow calculations and high-temperature methanogenic reactions.     

FDTD计算功率变换器近场到近/远场的转换

从理论上分析了利用时间有限差分法由近场到近场或远场转换的频域和时域两种方法，并选择时域的方法计算在FDTD计算范围内一给定点的电场值，与直接利用FDTD法得到的结果相比较，两者非常一致；最后利用该方法计算了功率变换器FDTD计算范围外一给定点的电磁场时间响应．