排序方式: 共有4条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Gehrels N Sarazin CL O'Brien PT Zhang B Barbier L Barthelmy SD Blustin A Burrows DN Cannizzo J Cummings JR Goad M Holland ST Hurkett CP Kennea JA Levan A Markwardt CB Mason KO Meszaros P Page M Palmer DM Rol E Sakamoto T Willingale R Angelini L Beardmore A Boyd PT Breeveld A Campana S Chester MM Chincarini G Cominsky LR Cusumano G de Pasquale M Fenimore EE Giommi P Gronwall C Grupe D Hill JE Hinshaw D Hjorth J Hullinger D Hurley KC Klose S Kobayashi S Kouveliotou C Krimm HA Mangano V 《Nature》2005,437(7060):851-854
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) come in two classes: long (> 2 s), soft-spectrum bursts and short, hard events. Most progress has been made on understanding the long GRBs, which are typically observed at high redshift (z approximately 1) and found in subluminous star-forming host galaxies. They are likely to be produced in core-collapse explosions of massive stars. In contrast, no short GRB had been accurately (< 10') and rapidly (minutes) located. Here we report the detection of the X-ray afterglow from--and the localization of--the short burst GRB 050509B. Its position on the sky is near a luminous, non-star-forming elliptical galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, which is the location one would expect if the origin of this GRB is through the merger of neutron-star or black-hole binaries. The X-ray afterglow was weak and faded below the detection limit within a few hours; no optical afterglow was detected to stringent limits, explaining the past difficulty in localizing short GRBs. 相似文献
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Gehrels N Norris JP Barthelmy SD Granot J Kaneko Y Kouveliotou C Markwardt CB Mészáros P Nakar E Nousek JA O'Brien PT Page M Palmer DM Parsons AM Roming PW Sakamoto T Sarazin CL Schady P Stamatikos M Woosley SE 《Nature》2006,444(7122):1044-1046
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to come in two duration classes, separated at approximately 2 s. Long-duration bursts originate from star-forming regions in galaxies, have accompanying supernovae when these are near enough to observe and are probably caused by massive-star collapsars. Recent observations show that short-duration bursts originate in regions within their host galaxies that have lower star-formation rates, consistent with binary neutron star or neutron star-black hole mergers. Moreover, although their hosts are predominantly nearby galaxies, no supernovae have been so far associated with short-duration GRBs. Here we report that the bright, nearby GRB 060614 does not fit into either class. Its approximately 102-s duration groups it with long-duration GRBs, while its temporal lag and peak luminosity fall entirely within the short-duration GRB subclass. Moreover, very deep optical observations exclude an accompanying supernova, similar to short-duration GRBs. This combination of a long-duration event without an accompanying supernova poses a challenge to both the collapsar and the merging-neutron-star interpretations and opens the door to a new GRB classification scheme that straddles both long- and short-duration bursts. 相似文献
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McNamara BR Nulsen PE Wise MW Rafferty DA Carilli C Sarazin CL Blanton EL 《Nature》2005,433(7021):45-47
Most of the baryons in galaxy clusters reside between the galaxies in a hot, tenuous gas. The densest gas in their centres should cool and accrete onto giant central galaxies at rates of 10-1,000 solar masses per year. No viable repository for this gas, such as clouds or new stars, has been found. New X-ray observations, however, have revealed far less cooling below X-ray temperatures than expected, altering the previously accepted picture of cooling flows. As a result, most of the gas must be heated to and maintained at temperatures above approximately 2 keV (ref. 3). The most promising heating mechanism is powerful radio jets emanating from supermassive black holes in the central galaxies of clusters. Here we report the discovery of giant cavities and shock fronts in a distant (z = 0.22) cluster caused by an interaction between a radio source and the hot gas surrounding it. The energy involved is approximately 6 x 10(61) erg, the most powerful radio outburst known. This is enough energy to quench a cooling flow for several Gyr, and to provide approximately 1/3 keV per particle of heat to the surrounding cluster. 相似文献
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Barthelmy SD Chincarini G Burrows DN Gehrels N Covino S Moretti A Romano P O'Brien PT Sarazin CL Kouveliotou C Goad M Vaughan S Tagliaferri G Zhang B Antonelli LA Campana S Cummings JR D'Avanzo P Davies MB Giommi P Grupe D Kaneko Y Kennea JA King A Kobayashi S Melandri A Meszaros P Nousek JA Patel S Sakamoto T Wijers RA 《Nature》2005,438(7070):994-996
Two short (< 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized and fading afterglow counterparts detected. The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an elliptical galaxy. Here we report the X-ray localization of a short burst (GRB 050724) with unusual gamma-ray and X-ray properties. The X-ray afterglow lies off the centre of an elliptical galaxy at a redshift of z = 0.258 (ref. 5), coincident with the position determined by ground-based optical and radio observations. The low level of star formation typical for elliptical galaxies makes it unlikely that the burst originated in a supernova explosion. A supernova origin was also ruled out for GRB 050709 (refs 3, 31), even though that burst took place in a galaxy with current star formation. The isotropic energy for the short bursts is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that for the long bursts. Our results therefore suggest that an alternative source of bursts--the coalescence of binary systems of neutron stars or a neutron star-black hole pair--are the progenitors of short bursts. 相似文献
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