模糊滑动控制的一般方法(英文)

陈述了一种新的模糊逻辑控制方法,它可消除滑动控制所固有的抖动问题。方法的推导是将多开关滑动控制问题简化成等效的单开关问题。控制规律显示它是一种模糊滑动控制的一般方法。文献中的其他方法可由此法导出。模糊推理规则由两个输入变量组成。第一个输入变量是系统状态到所预定的状态空间中的超平面之间的方向距离;第二个输入变量的选择可根据应用而定,例如方向距离的导数、控制设计者所感兴趣的特定变量,或者某些状态变量的加权之和。这个新方法易于在高阶系统中实现,并且可以直接而明确地控制系统的动态过程。它消除了滑动控制和经典模糊滑动控制中的抖动问题。此外。新方法比其他类似方法的控制要简单。稳定性和性能分析显示了此法的有效性。此法已用于一带有典型驱动和反馈传感器的工业直流电机的位置控制之中。     

Approximate solution for nonlinear model of the second and half order reactions in porous catalyst by decomposition method

The problem of the process of coupled diffusion and reaction in catalyst pellets is considered for the case of second and half order reactions. The Adomian decomposition method is used to solve the non-linear model. For the second, half and first order reactions, analytical approximate solutions are obtained. The variation of reactant concentration in the catalyst pellet and the effectiveness factors at φ＜10 are determined and compared with those by the BAND's finite difference numerical method developed by Newman. At lower values of φ, the decomposition solution with 3 terms gives satisfactory agreement with the numerical solution; at higher values of φ, as the term number in the decomposition method is increased, an acceptable agreement between the two methods is achieved. In general, the solution with 6 terms gives a satisfactory agreement.     

浅析海相沉积地层数据库的建立流程--以全球白垩纪大洋红层(CORB)综合数据库的建立为例

随着各种沉积地层资料大量积累,需要建立合适的地层综合数据库,以减轻繁重的手工操作及由于其人为性带来的误差.数据库中除了生物、年代地层对比信息资料外,沉积、地球化学信息也应纳入.以全球白垩纪大洋红层为例,介绍了运用GraphCor软件进行地层对比数据库建立的程序:建立剖面文件→建立化石分类单元库文件→建立目录文件→运行GraphCor软件,获得数据库和图示对比结果 沉积、地球化学信息 地层柱状图→综合数据库;讨论了有关对比标准参考剖面的选取、分类单元的始现和末现层位、数据库的更新及衔接等问题.     

Reduce Plasticizer Migration by Modification of PVC during Reactive Processing

Plasticizers in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are generally physically added into PVC by compounding so that they can be rapidly leached from PVC articles during service. This results in their migration into the human environment with potentially serious consequences and lower effectiveness of the additives in PVC. Potentially the chemical modification of PVC during processing via reactive processing procedure is one of the most attractive solutions to these problems.In this paper, we will report our work in exploring an environmentally friendly and cost-effective reactive processing approach for chemically binding plasticizer into PVC chains.Our research results indicate that it is possible to reduce the plasticizer migration from a plasticized PVC by chemically binding of a certain plasticizer into PVC chains via reactive processing. Thus, high levels of binding of DBM, a maleate plasticizer, to PVC may be reached in less than 10 min under prevailing reactive processing conditions. The extent of binding of DBM as a function of the loading shows two peaks: one at a relatively low loading (less than 0.12 mol*kg-1 PVC) tends to 100%, the other in the high loading region (more than 1.5 mol*kg-1 PVC) approaches around 50%. The DBM modified PVC polymer exhibits behaviours as a plasticized PVC but its bound plasticising groups would not be leached by solvent extraction.