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Vinculin is a conserved component and an essential regulator of both cell-cell (cadherin-mediated) and cell-matrix (integrin-talin-mediated focal adhesions) junctions, and it anchors these adhesion complexes to the actin cytoskeleton by binding to talin in integrin complexes or to alpha-actinin in cadherin junctions. In its resting state, vinculin is held in a closed conformation through interactions between its head (Vh) and tail (Vt) domains. The binding of vinculin to focal adhesions requires its association with talin. Here we report the crystal structures of human vinculin in its inactive and talin-activated states. Talin binding induces marked conformational changes in Vh, creating a novel helical bundle structure, and this alteration actively displaces Vt from Vh. These results, as well as the ability of alpha-actinin to also bind to Vh and displace Vt from pre-existing Vh-Vt complexes, support a model whereby Vh functions as a domain that undergoes marked structural changes that allow vinculin to direct cytoskeletal assembly in focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Notably, talin's effects on Vh structure establish helical bundle conversion as a signalling mechanism by which proteins direct cellular responses. 相似文献
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Tagging major quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in a rice variety, Jasmine 85 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xuebiao Pan Junhuang Zou Zongxiang Chen Jufei Lu Hengxiu Yu Haitao Li Zibin Wang Xingyuan Pan M. C. Rush Lihuang Zhu 《科学通报(英文版)》1999,44(19):1783-1783
This study was conducted with a clonal F2 population of rice from a cross between Jasmine 85, a resistant variety, and Lemont, a susceptible cultivar. The rice plants
belonging to each F2 clone were divided into two plots, which were put in two replicates, respectively. Clonal parents were tested as controls.
The plants were inoculated by short toothpicks incubated with RH-9, a virulent isolate of the pathogenic fungus,Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. The extreme resistant and susceptible clonal lines were selected for construction of resistant
and susceptible DNA pools, respectively. A total of 94 polymorphic markers evenly distributed on 12 rice chromosomes were
used for bulked segregant analysis, three positive ones were found polymorphic between the two DNA pools, and three major
QTLs for sheath blight resistance, Rh-2, Rh-3 and Rh-7, were identified. The three major QTLs were located on chromosomes
2, 3 and 7, and could explain 14.4%, 26.1% and 22.2% of the phenotypic variation. 相似文献
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A transposon-like element in human DNA 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
K E Paulson N Deka C W Schmid R Misra C W Schindler M G Rush L Kadyk L Leinwand 《Nature》1985,316(6026):359-361
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拉什·霍尔特 《科技导报(北京)》2019,37(2):51-52
美国科学促进协会(American Association for the Advancement of Science,AAAS)是一个全球性的非营利、会员制协会,也是一个出版机构,它的使命是通过在全球范围内促进科学和创新的发展以造福人类。AAAS在中国有着志同道合的伙伴--中国科协,它们有近40年的合作关系,这两个机构共同致力于实现相似的使命,并且共享会员团体和科学传播机构。 相似文献
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Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proposed as a trophic molecule essential for the development of sympathetic and primary sensory neurones. In newborn mice and rats, administration of nerve growth factor results in an increase in the number of surviving neurones, whereas administration of antiserum to NGF decreases neuronal survival. Thus it has been proposed that the factor is produced and secreted by the relevant target tissues to provide trophic support for the ingrowing nerves. The site of synthesis of nerve growth factor is still unknown, and it has been emphasized that a precise physiological role for the molecule cannot be ascribed until the cell types that produce it are known. I report here the use of immunohistochemistry to localize endogenous NGF in the rat iris, a tissue in which there is sound biochemical evidence for the production of NGF activity. Surprisingly, the results reveal that NGF can be detected readily in Schwann cells, but not in smooth muscle cells of the iris when it is sympathetically denervated or cultured. 相似文献
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Noonan FP Recio JA Takayama H Duray P Anver MR Rush WL De Fabo EC Merlino G 《Nature》2001,413(6853):271-272
Retrospective epidemiological data have indicated that cutaneous malignant melanoma may arise as a consequence of intense, intermittent exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, particularly in children, rather than from the cumulative lifetime exposure that is associated with other forms of skin cancer. Here we use a genetically engineered mouse model to show that a single dose of burning ultraviolet radiation to neonates, but not adults, is necessary and sufficient to induce tumours with high penetrance which are reminiscent of human melanoma. Our results provide experimental support for epidemiological evidence that childhood sunburn poses a significant risk of developing this potentially fatal disease. 相似文献
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Protein N-glycosylation requires flipping of the glycolipid Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-diphosphate dolichol (Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol) across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Helenius et al. report genetic evidence suggesting that Rft1, an essential ER membrane protein in yeast, is required directly to translocate Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol. We now show that a specific ER protein(s), but not Rft1, is required to flip Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol in reconstituted vesicles. Rft1 may have a critical accessory role in translocating Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol in vivo, but the Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol flippase itself remains to be identified. 相似文献
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