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Yamanouchi J Rainbow D Serra P Howlett S Hunter K Garner VE Gonzalez-Munoz A Clark J Veijola R Cubbon R Chen SL Rosa R Cumiskey AM Serreze DV Gregory S Rogers J Lyons PA Healy B Smink LJ Todd JA Peterson LB Wicker LS Santamaria P 《Nature genetics》2007,39(3):329-337
Autoimmune diseases are thought to result from imbalances in normal immune physiology and regulation. Here, we show that autoimmune disease susceptibility and resistance alleles on mouse chromosome 3 (Idd3) correlate with differential expression of the key immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). In order to test directly that an approximately twofold reduction in IL-2 underpins the Idd3-linked destabilization of immune homeostasis, we show that engineered haplodeficiency of Il2 gene expression not only reduces T cell IL-2 production by twofold but also mimics the autoimmune dysregulatory effects of the naturally occurring susceptibility alleles of Il2. Reduced IL-2 production achieved by either genetic mechanism correlates with reduced function of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis. 相似文献
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Ueda H Howson JM Esposito L Heward J Snook H Chamberlain G Rainbow DB Hunter KM Smith AN Di Genova G Herr MH Dahlman I Payne F Smyth D Lowe C Twells RC Howlett S Healy B Nutland S Rance HE Everett V Smink LJ Lam AC Cordell HJ Walker NM Bordin C Hulme J Motzo C Cucca F Hess JF Metzker ML Rogers J Gregory S Allahabadia A Nithiyananthan R Tuomilehto-Wolf E Tuomilehto J Bingley P Gillespie KM Undlien DE Rønningen KS Guja C Ionescu-Tîrgovişte C Savage DA Maxwell AP Carson DJ Patterson CC Franklyn JA 《Nature》2003,423(6939):506-511
Genes and mechanisms involved in common complex diseases, such as the autoimmune disorders that affect approximately 5% of the population, remain obscure. Here we identify polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 gene (CTLA4)--which encodes a vital negative regulatory molecule of the immune system--as candidates for primary determinants of risk of the common autoimmune disorders Graves' disease, autoimmune hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes. In humans, disease susceptibility was mapped to a non-coding 6.1 kb 3' region of CTLA4, the common allelic variation of which was correlated with lower messenger RNA levels of the soluble alternative splice form of CTLA4. In the mouse model of type 1 diabetes, susceptibility was also associated with variation in CTLA-4 gene splicing with reduced production of a splice form encoding a molecule lacking the CD80/CD86 ligand-binding domain. Genetic mapping of variants conferring a small disease risk can identify pathways in complex disorders, as exemplified by our discovery of inherited, quantitative alterations of CTLA4 contributing to autoimmune tissue destruction. 相似文献
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