全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23739篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 163篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 315篇 |
丛书文集 | 541篇 |
教育与普及 | 63篇 |
理论与方法论 | 66篇 |
现状及发展 | 9490篇 |
研究方法 | 881篇 |
综合类 | 12329篇 |
自然研究 | 371篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 218篇 |
2012年 | 361篇 |
2011年 | 747篇 |
2010年 | 180篇 |
2009年 | 157篇 |
2008年 | 394篇 |
2007年 | 441篇 |
2006年 | 450篇 |
2005年 | 429篇 |
2004年 | 419篇 |
2003年 | 407篇 |
2002年 | 345篇 |
2001年 | 754篇 |
2000年 | 745篇 |
1999年 | 440篇 |
1992年 | 425篇 |
1991年 | 371篇 |
1990年 | 394篇 |
1989年 | 340篇 |
1988年 | 373篇 |
1987年 | 369篇 |
1986年 | 344篇 |
1985年 | 486篇 |
1984年 | 363篇 |
1983年 | 303篇 |
1982年 | 238篇 |
1981年 | 257篇 |
1980年 | 344篇 |
1979年 | 687篇 |
1978年 | 580篇 |
1977年 | 551篇 |
1976年 | 472篇 |
1975年 | 531篇 |
1974年 | 663篇 |
1973年 | 579篇 |
1972年 | 588篇 |
1971年 | 701篇 |
1970年 | 925篇 |
1969年 | 726篇 |
1968年 | 624篇 |
1967年 | 653篇 |
1966年 | 596篇 |
1965年 | 433篇 |
1959年 | 264篇 |
1958年 | 400篇 |
1957年 | 303篇 |
1956年 | 269篇 |
1955年 | 239篇 |
1954年 | 263篇 |
1948年 | 176篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition. 相似文献
2.
介绍了机构知识库的建设和研究情况,分析了影响机构知识库可持续发展的因素,从建设形式、激励政策、资金来源、与其他机构的协调、机构知识库的宣传、内容建设、人员配备和培训等方面论述了促进机构知识库可持续发展的对策. 相似文献
3.
R.S.K. Barnes 《Journal of Natural History》2018,52(1-2):87-113
Areas of the Knysna estuarine bay in the Western Cape are dominated by three endemic South African truncatelloid microgastropods, temporarily known as ‘Hydrobia’ knysnaensis (Krauss), ‘Assiminea’ capensis (Sowerby) and ‘Assiminea’ globulus Connolly. Although first described 80–170 years ago and present in abundance (up to 100,000 m?2), they remain surrounded by confusion and still await taxonomic assignment, largely because they appear most atypical members of their groups by virtue of anatomy and/or biogeography and/or habitat. This study contributes in-life perspectives to morphological and phylogenetic analyses known to be on-going. At Knysna, they are syntopic: at least two occurring in >85% and all three in >40% of individual 0.0026 m2 samples from their region of dominance. Nevertheless, they tend to greater abundance in divergent microhabitats; ‘A.’ globulus dominating higher tidal levels, and ‘A.’ capensis and ‘Hydrobia’ lower ones; the former especially unvegetated sediment, the latter, if anything, seagrass. Interspecific feeding interactions appear unlikely to be responsible for these patterns, other evidence suggesting that all are maintained below carrying capacity. Field biology of ‘H.’ knysnaensis generally appears equivalent to that of northern-hemisphere intertidal hydrobiids and that of ‘A.’ globulus is typically assimineid, albeit at atypically low shore height. Unlike assimineids, however, ‘A.’ capensis is truly aquatic. The success of these truncatelloids in unusual circumstances may be consequent on the absence from South Africa of other microgastropod groups that fill their niches elsewhere in the southern hemisphere. 相似文献
4.
5.
教学技能是教师最重要的专业素质,是师范生在大学期间需要掌握的基础职业技能。通过调查研究表明,数学专业大学生教学基本功发展不平衡,不同年级学生的教学技能水平存在显著差异。教学实践、课改认知、教学交流、自主练习是影响教学技能的四个主因子。男女生在表达技能、教学设计技能、几何作图技能等方面差异显著,而在教材分析、多媒体使用方面不存在显著性差异。要通过完善教学技能培养机制,夯实师范基础技能培养,改革教学技能培养方式等途径,合力提高师范生的教学技能,增强就业竞争力。 相似文献
6.
7.
The shrink proofing on wool with treatment of protease named Argaenzyme STL was studied. The various pretreating auxiliaries, different parameters for protease treating process and the effect of stabilizer were discussed in detail. The varieties of some properties before and after protease treatment were also investigated. 相似文献
8.
9.
研究了影响发样矿物元素分析结果准确性的各种干扰因素 ,对取样、洗涤、烘干、消化及元素仪器测定等环节进行了探讨 ;同时对相关技术指标进行了测定 ,结果表明 :方法变异系数 <3%,标准回收率为 (10 0± 5 ) %. 相似文献
10.
南丛 《陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,(Z2)
在对目前生态功能区划众多方法进行比较的基础上,将GIS技术应用到陕西省宝鸡市凤县生态功能区划中。根据研究区生态环境要素、生态环境敏感性及生态服务功能的差异,把区域划分成四个不同的生态功能区,即北部森林生态重点保护区,中部林、药、养殖、矿产限制开发区,中部粮、椒、果、城镇与贸易重点开发区,南部生物多样性保护与生态旅游区,并综合考虑区域实际情况进行深一步规划研究。 相似文献