MWCNTs-NH2/环氧树脂纳米复合材料压缩性能影响机理

采用1,2-环氧环己烷4,5-二甲酸二缩水甘油酯（TDE-85)、对氨基苯酚环氧树脂（AFG-90）及其混合树脂,以二氨基二苯砜（DDS）为固化剂,添加氨基化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs-NH₂）制备了纳米复合材料。应用非等温差示扫描量热（DSC）,红外光谱（FT-IR）和力学性能测试等方法,分析了添加MWCNTs-NH₂前后,树脂体系固化反应、醚化反应与压缩性能的变化。研究结果表明,碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的压缩性能与固化反应后期羟基和环氧基团之间的醚化作用有密切关系。MWCNTs-NH₂的加入阻碍了TDE-85/DDS体系固化反应后期的醚化作用,与纯树脂体系相比反应热降低了50 J/g,红外光谱中脂肪族醚键与苯环吸收峰面积比值降低了7.7%,复合材料压缩强度降低了3.2%。与之相反的是,MWCNTs-NH₂的加入促进了AFG-90/DDS体系固化反应后期的醚化作用,与纯树脂体系相比,反应热提高了80J/g,红外光谱中脂肪族醚键与苯环的吸收峰面积比值提高了13.8%,复合材料压缩强度提高了17.4%。     

New discoveries on the effects of desertification on the ground temperature of permafrost and its significance to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The desert and permafrost conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are unique.However,the effects of desertification on the ground temperature of permafrost are currently unclear.Recently,understanding this problem has become more urgent because of increasing desertification on the plateau.For this reason,an observational field experiment was undertaken by the authors at Honglianghe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Thermistor ground temperature probes were used,and synchronized contrasting observations were made in an open area.Observations of the ground temperature of permafrost below sand layers with a range of thicknesses were made from May 2010 to April 2011.The sand layers were found to play a key role in the protection of the underlying permafrost.The ground temperature below a permafrost table overlain by a thick sand layer was lower than that of the average annual temperature for the natural ground surface,and the temperature drop was roughly constant at 0.2°C.During the warmer part of the year (May to September),the maximum temperature drops over the five months were 3.40,3.72,4.85,3.16,and 1.88°C,respectively.The ground temperature near a permafrost table overlain by a thin sand layer was also lower than that of the average annual temperature for the natural ground surface.However,in this case the average of the annual maximum temperature drop was significantly less,0.71°C.The scientific significance of our preliminary conclusions is not only to present an exploration of the interaction between desertification and permafrost,but also to provide new engineering ideas for protecting the permafrost in regions where construction is required on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

唐山市地质灾害环境分析和城市规划

地震与岩溶塌陷是影响唐山市城市建设与发展的两大地质灾害。以弹性力学理论为研究基础，运用有限单元法，对唐山市的构造应力场进行了计算与分析。根据计算结果，进行潜在强震危险区预测分析。同时结合岩溶塌陷等地质资料，通过与唐山市城市规划的对比分析，对城市规划和防灾减灾问题做了初步探讨，提出了几点结论和建议。