The two-step monsoon changes of the last deglaciation recorded in tropical Maar Lake Huguangyan, southern China

The concentrations of biogenic silica, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total hydrogen inferred from the sediments of tropical Maar Lake Huguangyan, southern China, provide a climate record of the last déglaciation with century resolution. The records fully demonstrate the existence of the two-step shape of the last déglaciation in tropic East Asia, and they point out noticeable differences between the low and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the Boiling first warming at the last deglaciation in the low latitude may have preceded that of the high latitude, whereas the cooling of the Younger Dryas occurred synchronously in the two regions. These results likely suggest that the links between the low and high latitude climates in the Northern Hemisphere during this period are complexity.     

The early Holocene optimum inferred from a hish-resolution pollen record of Husuansyan Maar Lake in southern China

A high-resolution pollen record of the past 13000 a from Huguangyan Maar Lake reveals the vegetation and environment changes in southern China during the Holocene. It shows that （i） pollen percentage of trees and shrubs reached 56% during the early Holocene （11600-7800 cal a BP）, of which the pollen percentage of tropical trees reached a maximum at 9500-8000 cal a BP, reflecting a hot and wet environment; （ii） during the mid-Holocene （7800-4200 cal a BP）, the pollen percentage of montane coniferous trees and herbs increased, while the percentage of tropical-subtropical trees decreased, indicating lower temperature and humidity; （iii） in the late Holocene spanning from 4200 to 350 cal a BP, the pollen percentage of herbs and montane conifer increased significantly, indicating a marked decrease of temperature and humidity. Our pollen data reveal that the time period 9500-8000 cal a BP in southern China represents a climatic optimum for the Holocene characterized by hot and wet conditions. This is consistent with the Holocene optimum found in lower latitude regions globally. We speculate that strong insolation might cause the northward migration of the ITCZ and subtropical summer monsoon front, which resulted in an early Holocene optimum in the Huguangyan area. The dry tendency and climate fluctuations of the middle and late Holocene could be associated with a decrease in solar insolation and frequent ENSO event.     

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon

The Asian-Australian monsoon is an important component of the Earth's climate system that influences the societal and economic activity of roughly half the world's population. The past strength of the rain-bearing East Asian summer monsoon can be reconstructed with archives such as cave deposits, but the winter monsoon has no such signature in the hydrological cycle and has thus proved difficult to reconstruct. Here we present high-resolution records of the magnetic properties and the titanium content of the sediments of Lake Huguang Maar in coastal southeast China over the past 16,000 years, which we use as proxies for the strength of the winter monsoon winds. We find evidence for stronger winter monsoon winds before the B?lling-Aller?d warming, during the Younger Dryas episode and during the middle and late Holocene, when cave stalagmites suggest weaker summer monsoons. We conclude that this anticorrelation is best explained by migrations in the intertropical convergence zone. Similar migrations of the intertropical convergence zone have been observed in Central America for the period ad 700 to 900 (refs 4-6), suggesting global climatic changes at that time. From the coincidence in timing, we suggest that these migrations in the tropical rain belt could have contributed to the declines of both the Tang dynasty in China and the Classic Maya in Central America.     

末次冰消期热带湖光岩玛珥湖记录的气候事件与GISP2记录的对比

通过对热带湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物总有机碳、总氮、总氢的分析,揭示了末次冰消期东亚季风发生了多次快速变化的气候事件,并与格陵兰冰芯GISP2记录有较好的对比,但末次冰消期初始转暖湖光岩早于格陵兰,反映了古季风变化的不稳定性以及北半球高低纬度气候连接的复杂性.     

湖光岩玛珥湖全新世气候波动的周期性

对全新世以来湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物干密度高分辨率（１０～１５ａ间距）时间序列的能谱分析和滤波分析表明：气候变化存在明显的２９３０,１１４０,４９０, ２５０和 ２２０ａ的主周期． ２ ９３０ ａ周期所对应的３次降温期,其峰值分别发生在７３００, ４２５０和１２００ Ｃａｌ ａＢＰ左右．１１４０ａ主周期变化,在全新世早期波动幅度最大,到中、晚全新世其幅度逐渐减小,所对应的明显的降温期有７～８次．全新世千年尺度的气候变化,有可能是通过岁差周期（２３ ０７０ ａ）的谐波周期对全球水循环的调整,驱动温盐环流强度的变化,进一步影响了全球气候变化．     

热带湖光岩玛珥湖记录的末次冰消期东亚夏季风两步式的变化

热带湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物高分辨率的生物硅、总有机碳,总氮、总氢分析结果表明,末次冰消期东亚夏季风的变化特点十分符合两步式的冰消期模式。这一结果提供了末次冰消期两步式变化特点在西北太平洋低纬度陆地区存在的证据。     

Periodicity of Holocene climatic variations in the Huguangyan Maar Lake

There exist five primary periods of 2 930, 1 140, 490, 250 and 220 a in the Holocene climatic variations in the Huguangyan Maar Lake, according to the energy-spectrum and filter analyses of high-resolution time sequences (10–15 a) of the sediment dry density. The peak values of the three temperature-decreasing periods with the 2 930 a cycle occur at about 7 300, 4 250 and 1 200 Cal. aBP. There are 7–8 temperature-decreasing periods with the 1 140 a cycle, and the climate fluctuation range is largest in the early Holocene, and reduces gradually in the middle and late Holocene. The millennial-scale climatic change in the Holocene may adjust the global water cycle and the thermohaline circulation intensity through the harmonic tones of the earth’s precession cycle, which in turn influences the global climate change.