Visual categorization shapes feature selectivity in the primate temporal cortex.

The way that we perceive and interact with objects depends on our previous experience with them. For example, a bird expert is more likely to recognize a bird as a sparrow, a sandpiper or a cockatiel than a non-expert. Neurons in the inferior temporal cortex have been shown to be important in the representation of visual objects; however, it is unknown which object features are represented and how these representations are affected by categorization training. Here we show that feature selectivity in the macaque inferior temporal cortex is shaped by categorization of objects on the basis of their visual features. Specifically, we recorded from single neurons while monkeys performed a categorization task with two sets of parametric stimuli. Each stimulus set consisted of four varying features, but only two of the four were important for the categorization task (diagnostic features). We found enhanced neuronal representation of the diagnostic features relative to the non-diagnostic ones. These findings demonstrate that stimulus features important for categorization are instantiated in the activity of single units (neurons) in the primate inferior temporal cortex.     

什么时间该去机场？

如果你从来没有误过飞机,那么你很有可能在机场浪费了太多时间。这听上去有违直觉——为什么有人甘愿冒险错过航班？——但自有逻辑在里面。这个说法最先由诺贝尔奖得主、经济学家乔治·斯蒂格勒（George Stigler）提出,现在,数学教授乔丹·埃伦伯格（Jordan Ellenberg）在他的新书《怎么不出错：数学思考的力量》（How Not to Be Wrong：The Power of Mathematical Thinking）一书中对此作了阐述。埃伦伯格指出,什么时候到机场这个问题归根结底是＂效用＂的问题,在经济学里常用这个概念来衡量某人做某事的收益和成本,效益可正可负。     

和田地区旅游业可持续发展研究

和田地区位于新疆维吾尔自治区南部，昆仑山北麓，是一个经济欠发达地区。但该地区蕴藏着丰富的旅游资源，并且这些资源大部分没有得到充分利用。本在分析和田地区旅游业发展的背景条件与发展机遇以及旅游业发展现状的基础上，研究了该地区旅游业发展中存在的一些问题，最后提出该地区旅游业持续发展的模式和对策。     

中介蝮蛇毒神经毒素对家兔隔神经放电的影响

用记录脶神经和脶肌的呼吸性发放的方法，对新疆中介蝮(A．intermedius Strauch)蛇毒急性中毒引起的呼吸麻痹，分别用家兔和大白鼠进行了实验分析。将稍大于最小致死量(0．1mg／kg体重)的中介蝮蛇毒，经静脉或肌肉注入动物体内，一般经数小时后出现软瘫性呼吸麻痹，若及时地给予人工呼吸，则在膈肌的呼吸性发放完全停止的情况下，心电和膈神经的呼吸发放都尚可维持相当长的时间。若将蝮蛇毒直接注入侧脑室内，甚直达每公斤体重30-50微克，不引起动物出现明显的呼吸困难。若将脑室注射量加大每公斤体重100mg以上，则动物经一定时间出现4肢僵直，头后仰，抽搐等症状而死亡。在离体标本上，蝮蛇毒具有不可逆地阻遏接头传递的阻遏过程相似。