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Dealing with coercion: Critical Systems Heuristics and beyond 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Gerald Midgley 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》1997,10(1):37-57
This paper begins with an introduction to the philosophy and methodology of Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH). Following this,
various citicisms of CSH are reviewed. One particularly important criticism is that CSH should not be seen as a replacement
for other systems approaches, but as complementary to them. It is this idea of complementarity that has led several Critical
Systems thinkers to take CSH, along with a number of other systems methods, and try to show that they are most appropriately
used in different contexts. CSH, it is said, is at its most useful when we are confronted with coercive situations. However,
in this paper it is argued that coercion is usually characterised by closure of debate. Therefore CSH, which depends upon
the possibility of communication (or arbitration) between stakeholder groups, becomes redundant when coercion is experienced.
It is further argued that coercion can only be addressed adequately by widening our definition of systems practice to include
campaigning and direct political action. There is still considerable scope for developing these areas in the systems domain. 相似文献
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Gerald Midgley 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》1997,10(3):305-319
During the last 13 years, a dialogue has been conducted in the Critical Systems literature on the subject of choice betwen
methods. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, researchers went in two separate directions. One direction involved an
exploration of the “creative design of methods.” This is when the problem situation is understood in terms of a series of
systemically interrelated research questions, each of which might need to be addressed using a different method, or part of
a method. A synthesis is generated that allows each individual research question to be addressed as part of a whole system
of questions. The other research direction involved the development of “Total Systems Intervention” (TSI), a meta-methodology
that, amongst other things, encourages the creative exploration of the problem situation prior to the choice of methods. One
of the latest innovations in TSI is a theory of the “oblique” use of methods. This is the use of methods for purposes other
than those they were originally designed for. However, it is argued here that all the case studies that have been subject
to an “oblique” interpretation can be better explained if they are seen as examples of the creative design of methods. We
can therefore bring together the two strands of research that have hitherto been pursued separately in the Critical Systems
literature. it is suggested that TSI can be enhanced by an understanding of the creative design of methods because the latter
allows us to explain the purposive, flexible, and responsive way in which TSI is most successfully used in practice. 相似文献
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The outstanding merits of scanning transmission electron tomography as a technique for the investigation of the internal structure and morphology of nanoparticle and nanocluster materials are summarized with the aid of numerous typical illustrations.Reference is made also to the significant advances that have arisen in probing ultrastructural characteristics of nanoscale solids using aberrationcorrected(AC) electron microscopy(EM).Information of a unique kind may be retrieved by combining the imaging and analytical power of ACEM. 相似文献
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This short paper introduces a special issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research on new developments in Chinese systems practice. It focuses on the recent history of systems thinking in China, describing a paradigm shift that is currently taking place from an "objectivist" to a more pluralistic stance. Details are provided of the Hull–Beijing research program, which has contributed to this paradigm shift. In one way or another, all the papers in this special issue can be seen as having a connection with this research program. 相似文献