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Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sanai N Tramontin AD Quiñones-Hinojosa A Barbaro NM Gupta N Kunwar S Lawton MT McDermott MW Parsa AT Manuel-García Verdugo J Berger MS Alvarez-Buylla A 《Nature》2004,427(6976):740-744
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a principal source of adult neural stem cells in the rodent brain, generating thousands of olfactory bulb neurons every day. If the adult human brain contains a comparable germinal region, this could have considerable implications for future neuroregenerative therapy. Stem cells have been isolated from the human brain, but the identity, organization and function of adult neural stem cells in the human SVZ are unknown. Here we describe a ribbon of SVZ astrocytes lining the lateral ventricles of the adult human brain that proliferate in vivo and behave as multipotent progenitor cells in vitro. This astrocytic ribbon has not been observed in other vertebrates studied. Unexpectedly, we find no evidence of chains of migrating neuroblasts in the SVZ or in the pathway to the olfactory bulb. Our work identifies SVZ astrocytes as neural stem cells in a niche of unique organization in the adult human brain. 相似文献
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Mutations in the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2 are common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Gerull B Heuser A Wichter T Paul M Basson CT McDermott DA Lerman BB Markowitz SM Ellinor PT MacRae CA Peters S Grossmann KS Drenckhahn J Michely B Sasse-Klaassen S Birchmeier W Dietz R Breithardt G Schulze-Bahr E Thierfelder L 《Nature genetics》2004,36(11):1162-1164
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with fibrofatty replacement of cardiac myocytes, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In 32 of 120 unrelated individuals with ARVC, we identified heterozygous mutations in PKP2, which encodes plakophilin-2, an essential armadillo-repeat protein of the cardiac desmosome. In two kindreds with ARVC, disease was incompletely penetrant in most carriers of PKP2 mutations. 相似文献
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Ruslan?I.?DmitrievEmail author Sergey?M.?Borisov Alina?V.?Kondrashina Janelle?M.?P.?Pakan Ujval?Anilkumar Jochen?H.?M.?Prehn Alexander?V.?Zhdanov Kieran?W.?McDermott Ingo?Klimant Dmitri?B.?Papkovsky 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2015,72(2):367-381
Cell-permeable phosphorescent probes enable the study of cell and tissue oxygenation, bioenergetics, metabolism, and pathological states such as stroke and hypoxia. A number of such probes have been described in recent years, the majority consisting of cationic small molecule and nanoparticle structures. While these probes continue to advance, adequate staining for the study of certain cell types using live imaging techniques remains elusive; this is particularly true for neural cells. Here we introduce novel probes for the analysis of neural cells and tissues: negatively charged poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)-based nanoparticles impregnated with a phosphorescent Pt(II)-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PtPFPP) dye (this form is referred to as PA1), and with an additional reference/antennae dye poly(9,9-diheptylfluorene-alt-9,9-di-p-tolyl-9H-fluorene) (this form is referred to as PA2). PA1 and PA2 are internalised by endocytosis, result in efficient staining in primary neurons, astrocytes, and PC12 cells and multi-cellular aggregates, and allow for the monitoring of local O2 levels on a time-resolved fluorescence plate reader and PLIM microscope. PA2 also efficiently stains rat brain slices and permits detailed O2 imaging experiments using both one and two-photon intensity-based modes and PLIM modes. Multiplexed analysis of embryonic rat brain slices reveals age-dependent staining patterns for PA2 and a highly heterogeneous distribution of O2 in tissues, which we relate to the localisation of specific progenitor cell populations. Overall, these anionic probes are useful for sensing O2 levels in various cells and tissues, particularly in neural cells, and facilitate high-resolution imaging of O2 in 3D tissue models. 相似文献
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The eye and its associated tissues including the lacrimal system and lids have evolved several defence mechanisms to prevent
microbial invasion. Included among this armory are several host-defence peptides. These multifunctional molecules are being
studied not only for their endogenous antimicrobial properties but also for their potential therapeutic effects. Here the
current knowledge of host-defence peptide expression in the eye will be summarised. The role of these peptides in eye disease
will be discussed with the primary focus being on infectious keratitis, inflammatory conditions including dry eye and wound
healing. Finally the potential of using host-defence peptides and their mimetics/derivatives for the treatment and prevention
of eye diseases is addressed. 相似文献
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