Modeling large reversible electric-field-induced strain in ferroelectric materials using 90° orientation switching

Reversible large electric-field-induced strain caused by reversible orientation switchings in BaTiO3 is modeled using the Landau's theory of phase transition.A triple well free energy function is constructed.Each of its minima is associated with one of the polarization orientations involved.Nonlinear constitutive laws accounting for reversible orientation switchings and electrostriction effects are obtained by using thermodynamic equilibrium conditions.Hysteretic dynamics of onedimensional structures is des...     

Probing Local Lattice Fluctautions in Cuprates and Manganites by High k—Resolution EXAFS

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Aneuploidy of glandular epithelial cells in histologically normal prostate glands

The percentage of aneuploidy in normal prostate glands from subjects 13-38 years old and 45-66 years old ranged from 0-78% and 0-63%, respectively. In contrast to adults, aneuploidy was absent in fetal and postnatal prostates. It is concluded that aneuploidy is a fundamental attribute of histologically normal adult prostate glands.     

Oxidative stress induces angiogenesis by activating TLR2 with novel endogenous ligands

Reciprocity of inflammation, oxidative stress and neovascularization is emerging as an important mechanism underlying numerous processes from tissue healing and remodelling to cancer progression. Whereas the mechanism of hypoxia-driven angiogenesis is well understood, the link between inflammation-induced oxidation and de novo blood vessel growth remains obscure. Here we show that the end products of lipid oxidation, ω-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) and other related pyrroles, are generated during inflammation and wound healing and accumulate at high levels in ageing tissues in mice and in highly vascularized tumours in both murine and human melanoma. The molecular patterns of carboxyalkylpyrroles are recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not TLR4 or scavenger receptors on endothelial cells, leading to an angiogenic response that is independent of vascular endothelial growth factor. CEP promoted angiogenesis in hindlimb ischaemia and wound healing models through MyD88-dependent TLR2 signalling. Neutralization of endogenous carboxyalkylpyrroles impaired wound healing and tissue revascularization and diminished tumour angiogenesis. Both TLR2 and MyD88 are required for CEP-induced stimulation of Rac1 and endothelial migration. Taken together, these findings establish a new function of TLR2 as a sensor of oxidation-associated molecular patterns, providing a key link connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, innate immunity and angiogenesis.     

Aneuploidy of glandular epithelial cells in histologically normal prostate glands

Summary The percentage of aneuploidy in normal prostate glands from subjects 13–38 years old and 45–66 years old ranged from 0–78% and 0–63%, respectively. In contrast to adults, aneuploidy was absent in fetal and postnatal prostates. It is concluded that aneuploidy is a fundamental attribute of histologically normal adult prostate glands.