新疆少数民族中学"体育与健康"课程教学现状的调查与研究

本对新疆南、北疆、东疆地区和乌鲁木齐市的101所民族中学进行实地的调查研究，通过对各民族中学体育教学中大纲、教材、场地器材、汉语授课、男女生分班情况、教师培训、教学计划以及对课程改革的认识等方面的分析．进一步了解新疆各地区民族中学学校体育状况，特别是“体育与健康”课程实施后，各地区民族中学学校体育教学现状以及所面临的问题，旨在加快新疆少数民族中学的体育教学改革和《体育与健康》课程教学研究。为新疆教育主管部门制定实施“体育与健康”课程教学提供决策依据。     

Pleiotropic fitness effects of the Tre1-Gr5a region in Drosophila melanogaster

The abundance of transposable elements and DNA repeat sequences in mammalian genomes raises the question of whether such insertions represent passive evolutionary baggage or may influence the expression of complex traits. We addressed this question in Drosophila melanogaster, in which the effects of single transposable elements on complex traits can be assessed in genetically identical individuals reared in controlled environments. Here we demonstrate that single P-element insertions in the intergenic region between the gustatory receptor 5a (Gr5a, also known as Tre) and trapped in endoderm 1 (Tre1), which encodes an orphan receptor, exert complex pleiotropic effects on fitness traits, including selective nutrient intake, life span, and resistance to starvation and heat stress. Mutations in this region interact epistatically with downstream components of the insulin signaling pathway. Transposon-induced sex-specific and sex-antagonistic effects further accentuate the complex influences that intergenic transposable elements can contribute to quantitative trait phenotypes.     

The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel

A major challenge of biology is understanding the relationship between molecular genetic variation and variation in quantitative traits, including fitness. This relationship determines our ability to predict phenotypes from genotypes and to understand how evolutionary forces shape variation within and between species. Previous efforts to dissect the genotype-phenotype map were based on incomplete genotypic information. Here, we describe the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a community resource for analysis of population genomics and quantitative traits. The DGRP consists of fully sequenced inbred lines derived from a natural population. Population genomic analyses reveal reduced polymorphism in centromeric autosomal regions and the X chromosome, evidence for positive and negative selection, and rapid evolution of the X chromosome. Many variants in novel genes, most at low frequency, are associated with quantitative traits and explain a large fraction of the phenotypic variance. The DGRP facilitates genotype-phenotype mapping using the power of Drosophila genetics.     

部门动态投资系数的求取方法探讨

本文从理论和实践两个方面对动态投入产出法中动态投资的概念、投资系数的求取等进行了研究,提出了部门动态投资系数的求取方法,即一次性投资与多次性投资的综合方法。在此基础上,还给出了投资系数的修正方法,分析了影响投资系数求取的因素。最后,给出了投资系数求取过程中的误差分析方法。