试论体育教学中贯彻心理健康教育的途径

从青年学生青春期个体身心发育的特点出发，对高校体育教学中贯彻心理健康教育的方法和途径进行了探讨。文中指出，营造良好的教学氛围，引导学生的情绪向健康方向发展；因材施教，积极引导，针对不同情况进行有的放矢的教育；创造良好的人际交往环境，预防心理障碍的产生，以及注意运用心理学知识，培养学生的完善人格和良好个性，是高校体育教学中贯彻心理健康教育的有效途径。     

中枢神经系统内的胰岛素及其受体

众所周知,胰岛素是一个小分子的蛋白质类激素,其主要作用是维持外周的血糖平衡,而对于中枢神经系统内胰岛素的研究则相对较少。大脑中非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖的摄取,是大家认为脑是胰岛素不敏感器官的主要原因。然而,最近的研究结果显示,大脑的提取物中有高浓度的胰岛素;外周分泌的胰岛素,可以经过特异的转运系统穿过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统。与大脑中胰岛素的来源、定位和功能的研究相比,中枢神经系统中胰岛素受体的表达也得到了相当高的关注。将从中枢神经系统尤其是脑内的胰岛素及其受体,中枢神经系统内胰岛素的功能,包括繁殖、食物摄入与体重控制、糖代谢调节和记忆等方面进行简要的综述。     

Abnormal development of phialides in a strain ofAspergillus niger

Summary AnAspergillus niger mutant strain (hpp) produces an average of 4.1% of conidiophores with phialide proliferations. Increased frequency of proliferations could be induced on all studied strains by growth on potato dextrose agar. The characteristic is recessive and seems to be due to a pleiotropic effect of the mutation for olive conidia color.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to CNPq for financial assistance provided with grant PIG/SIP 04/053 as well as the scholarships Pesquisador Científico (R.B.Jr) and Iniciação Científica and Aperfeiçoamento (G.U.V.).     

Inactivation of erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase by tetraphenylboron

Zusammenfassung Menschliche Erythrozyten wurden mit Tetraphenylbor (TPB) behandelt, wobei die TPB-Konzentrationen über 6 × 10^–4 M hämolytisch waren. Die Acetylcholinesterase der Erythrozytenmembranen wurde durch nicht-hämolytische TPB-Konzentrationen irreversibel, temperatur- und konzentrationsabhängig inaktiviert.

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This work was supported by NIH Grant No. HD 01461 and by the Baltimore Rh Typing Laboratory, Inc.     

改革开放中前进的中国科学院基础研究

中国科学院在改革开放新时期积极探索适合于基础研究发展的模式，几组统计数字各基础科学获国家自然科学奖情况可以表明改革所取得的进展。     

Antibacterial effect of 2-hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine onStaphylococcus aureus

The mechanism by which a new naphthoquinone derivative, the 2-hydroxy-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone-4-imine (INQI-E) has antibacterial effect againstStaphylococcus aureus was studied. The interaction of INQI-E with the bacteria was followed by absorption spectroscopy at 323 and 490 nm. The absorption band of INQI-E at 490 nm undergoes a hypochromic shift with a decrease of intensity. This effect was found to be reversible by oxygenation during the first hours of incubation. The participation of an oxidation-reduction process related to the respiratory chain was demonstrated by oxygen consumption. An increase in O₂ uptake and inhibition ofS. aureus growth was observed. Experiments with three inhibitors of the respiratory chain demonstrated that the pathway induced by INQI-E was antimycin-resistant and KCN- and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive, which suggests that INQI-E is capable of diverting the normal electron flow to an alternate superoxide-producing route. On the other hand, experiments with Tiron, a specific scavenger of superoxide, hindered the effect of INQI-E againstS. aureus, indicating that the inhibitory growth effect of this quinone-imine is mainly due to the production of the cytotoxic superoxide radical.     

响应面法优化杏鲍菇粗多糖提取工艺的研究

为了研究杏鲍菇粗多糖提取的最佳工艺,以杏鲍菇新鲜子实体为试验材料,采用传统的水浴加热法从提取时间、料液比、提取温度等方面分析影响杏鲍菇粗多糖提取效率的因素,并利用中心组合试验设计(box-behnken design,BBD)进行了响应面分析,得到其最佳工艺条件:提取温度为47℃,提取时间为4.9h,料液比为1∶19(g/mL),其中提取温度对粗多糖提取率的影响最大,其次是料液比,最后是提取时间。在该条件下,杏鲍菇粗多糖得率达到极大值5.66%,与实际验证值接近。由此可知,利用响应面法优化杏鲍菇粗多糖的提取工艺合理可行,可为水提杏鲍菇粗多糖的工业化应用提供理论依据。     

An X-ray-emitting blast wave from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi

Stellar explosions such as novae and supernovae produce most of the heavy elements in the Universe. The onset of a nova is well understood as driven by runaway thermonuclear fusion reactions on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary star system; but the structure, dynamics and mass of the ejecta are not well known. In rare cases, the white dwarf is embedded in the wind nebula of a red-giant companion, and the explosion products plough through the nebula and produce X-ray emission. Here we report X-ray observations of such an event, from the eruption of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. The hard X-ray emission from RS Ophiuchi early in the eruption emanates from behind a blast wave, or outward-moving shock wave, that expanded freely for less than 2 days and then decelerated owing to interaction with the nebula. The X-rays faded rapidly, suggesting that the blast wave deviates from the standard spherical shell structure. The early onset of deceleration indicates that the ejected shell had a low mass, the white dwarf has a high mass, and that RS Ophiuchi is therefore a progenitor of the type of supernova (type Ia) integral to studies of the expansion of the Universe.     

中国科学院1998年基础研究成果回顾

本文简要介绍了中国科学院１９９８年在数学,天文学,力学,物理,化学和生物基础研究方面取得的重要成果或阶段性进展以及１９９８年院自然科学奖评奖效果。