视网膜母细胞瘤基因产物磷酸化水平与细胞生长状态的关系

随着无血清培养细胞时间的延长，红胞合成Ｒｂ蛋白量和磷酸化水平逐渐降低，当细胞生长停止时，Ｒｂ蛋白处于低磷外化状态．正丁酸钠可诱导ＨＬ６０终端分化为单核－巨噬细胞；视黄酸、二甲基亚砜使ＨＬ６０分化为粒细胞．尽管分化途径不同．但是终端分化的细胞都只能合成低磷酸化的Ｒｂ蛋白．结果表明当细胞处于生长停滞状态，细胞都只能合成低磷酸化的Ｒｂ蛋白．     

Optimal Restoration Scheduling of Damaged Networks Under Uncertain Environment by Using Improved Genetic Algorithm

The purpose of this research is to propose an early restoration for lifeline systems after earthquake disasters. The previous researches show that the optimization of the restoration schedule by using genetic algorithm (GA) is powerful. However, those are not considering the uncertain environment after earthquake disasters. The circumstances of the damage at devastated areas are very changeable due to the aftershock, fire disaster and bad weather. In addition, the restoring works may delay by unexpected accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the restoration schedule which has robustness, because the actual restoring works could not progress smoothly under the uncertain environment. GA considering uncertainty (GACU) can treat various uncertainties involved, but it is difficult to obtain the robust schedule. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a decision support system of the optimal restoration scheduling by using the improved GACU.     

The medaka draft genome and insights into vertebrate genome evolution

Teleosts comprise more than half of all vertebrate species and have adapted to a variety of marine and freshwater habitats. Their genome evolution and diversification are important subjects for the understanding of vertebrate evolution. Although draft genome sequences of two pufferfishes have been published, analysis of more fish genomes is desirable. Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of a small egg-laying freshwater teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Medaka is native to East Asia and an excellent model system for a wide range of biology, including ecotoxicology, carcinogenesis, sex determination and developmental genetics. In the assembled medaka genome (700 megabases), which is less than half of the zebrafish genome, we predicted 20,141 genes, including approximately 2,900 new genes, using 5'-end serial analysis of gene expression tag information. We found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at an average rate of 3.42% between the two inbred strains derived from two regional populations; this is the highest SNP rate seen in any vertebrate species. Analyses based on the dense SNP information show a strict genetic separation of 4 million years (Myr) between the two populations, and suggest that differential selective pressures acted on specific gene categories. Four-way comparisons with the human, pufferfish (Tetraodon), zebrafish and medaka genomes revealed that eight major interchromosomal rearrangements took place in a remarkably short period of approximately 50 Myr after the whole-genome duplication event in the teleost ancestor and afterwards, intriguingly, the medaka genome preserved its ancestral karyotype for more than 300 Myr.     

视网膜母细胞瘤基因产物部分性质的研究

研究Ｒｂ基因产物的代谢动力学和功能调节，发现整个细胞周期中都有Ｒｂ蛋白合成，其含量随细胞周期进行而变化，蛋白代谢的半衰期约为１１—１２小时，有非磷酸化和多种程度磷酸化形式。Ｒｂ蛋白的磷酸化水平是随细胞周期过程和细胞生长状态而变化的，在Ｇ０、Ｇ１期蛋白处于低磷酸化状态，到达Ｇ１／Ｓ界限，细胞获得磷酸化Ｒｂ蛋白的能力．     

Meta-analysis identifies nine new loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation. We report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a Japanese population including 4,074 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (cases) and 16,891 controls, followed by a replication in 5,277 rheumatoid arthritis cases and 21,684 controls. Our study identified nine loci newly associated with rheumatoid arthritis at a threshold of P < 5.0 × 10(-8), including B3GNT2, ANXA3, CSF2, CD83, NFKBIE, ARID5B, PDE2A-ARAP1, PLD4 and PTPN2. ANXA3 was also associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (P = 0.0040), and B3GNT2 and ARID5B were associated with Graves' disease (P = 3.5 × 10(-4) and 2.9 × 10(-4), respectively). We conducted a multi-ancestry comparative analysis with a previous meta-analysis in individuals of European descent (5,539 rheumatoid arthritis cases and 20,169 controls). This provided evidence of shared genetic risks of rheumatoid arthritis between the populations.