Pollen records and time scale for the RM core of the Zoige Basin, northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau

A continuous pollen record from the Zoige Basin in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau not only provides information on the vegetation and climate changes during the last two glacial/interglacial cycles, hut also gives proof to establish the time scale of the upper 60 m of the RM core. Subalpine spruce-fir forests colonized the Zoige Basin during the interglacials and interstadials, implying warm and wet climate conditions. Alpine periglacial desert or dry desert may have existed during the penultimate glacial and the last glacial maxima, respectively. Alpine sedge meadow dominated the landscape during MIS 4. The MIS 3 is punctuated by a number of stadials similar to those documented in the Guliya and GISP2 ice cores, as indicated by repeated rise and fall of subalpine spruce-fir forests. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the Arabian Sea and the Guliya ice core, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain.     

全球变暖是否导致台风增强:古风暴学研究进展与启示

近年来台风活动异常, 它是全球变暖的结果, 还是处在年代际变化的活跃期, 已经成为全球气候变化研究争论的焦点和热点. 由于台风器测年限太短, 对台风生成、发展和演化的复杂过程和机制认识不足, 特别是对破坏力巨大的超强台风活动规律的认识更是有限, 因此亟需延长台风资料的时间序列. “古风暴学”便是应运而生的一门新学科, 始于20世纪90年代, 通过研究地质记录和历史文献, 重建器测时代之前几百年至数千年的古台风活动规律. 在对近十几年来古风暴学主要研究进展和研究成果进行综述的基础上, 重点讨论了代用记录在古风暴学研究中的发展和前景. 古风暴学研究开始由比较单一地依靠典型风暴沉积特征, 逐步发展为综合运用微体化石、有机元素比值和同位素等方法, 进行风暴事件沉积的判识. 近年来又发展了树轮、洞穴石笋和珊瑚礁等年生长微层的氧同位素分析法. 历史文献资料也得到比较系统的整编和分析. 已有的研究表明, 台风登陆频数与全新世气温长周期波动不存在线性正相关关系; 台风活动与ENSO的关系是长期的、稳定的, La Niña年登陆中国的台风数和登陆中、北美洲的飓风数明显多于El Niño年, 这与现代台风观测资料的分析结果是一致的. 另外, 台风路径受副热带高压的影响, 但二者之间的长周期关系仍不清楚. 这些认识对于理解全球变化与台风趋势性变化有重要的指导意义. 古风暴学研究今后需加强: (ⅰ) 代用记录形成和保存机制的研究; (ⅱ) 不同代用记录的对比验证; (ⅲ) 区分风暴沉积与海啸等其他高能事件沉积; (ⅳ) 古风暴强度的重建工作; (ⅴ) 数值模拟; (ⅵ) 区域性和全球性的古风暴学对比研究, 增强台风发生机制与周期性的研究.     

Perspectives on the linkage between typhoon activity and global warming from recent research advances in paleotempestology

The recent increase in typhoon （tropical cyclone） activity has attracted great interest and induced heated debates over whether it is linked to global warming or only a return to an active phase of the well-known multi-decadal variability. Due to the short instrumental record, our knowledge is quite scarce on the complex processes and mechanism of typhoon generation, development, and evolution, especially for the rare but highly destructive super-typhoons. It is therefore very important to extend the time span of typhoon activity records. Paleotempestology, a young science that emerged in the early 1990s, studies past typhoon activity spanning several centuries to millennia before the instrumental era through the use of geological proxies and historical documentary records. This paper presents a brief review and synthesis on the major research advances and findings of paleotempestology with an emphasis on proxy technique development and applications. The methodology has been evolving from single geologic proxy to multi-proxy techniques by integrating microfossils, sedimentary organic elemental ratios, and stable isotopes, together with typical sedimentary textures and structures, for the diagnosis of storm deposits. A newly-developed proxy technique is employing oxygen isotopes preserved in growing laminae of tree rings, cave stalagmites, and reef corals to diagnose typhoon rainwater impacts. Historical documentary records have been systematically compiled and analyzed to reconstruct the history of typhoon activity in some regions. The extracted typhoon-proxy data show that there does not exist a simple linear relationship between typhoon frequency and Holocene climate （temperature） change. Typhoon activity should have a secular and constant linkage with ENSO fluctuations, in that more typhoons and hurricanes make landfalls in China, Central and North America during La Ni~↑na years than El Ni~↑no years. This finding is consistent with that derived from recent instrumental data. Shifts in positions of     

南亚古季风的演变:西藏新的高分辨率古气候记录

西藏几个小湖钻孔剖面高分辨率花粉分析结果显示,研究区１６ｋａＢＰ以前为荒漠草原,气候寒冷干燥, 天气温比现今低７～１０℃,年降水量仅为现在的４０％?１２ｋａＢＰ以后气温逐渐升高,降水逐渐增加,出现木本植物,在９．２～６．３ｋａＢＰ期间,有时发育森林或森林草甸。在８～５ｋａＢＰ期间,１月和７月气温均高于现在２～３℃,年降水量比现在大２００ｍｍ左右。５ｋａＢＰ以后为草原植被,气温和降水呈非线性下降水呈