Synthesis process of Ba-ferrites from α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH and investigation of magnetic properties

The claviform BaFe₁₂O₁₉ crystals were synthesized by the precipitation-toptactic reaction method using α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH as raw materials respectively. The synthesis processes of BaFe₁₂O₁₉, studied by XRD, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and TG-DTA techniques, included preparations of precursor γ and precursor α, formations of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaFe₂O₄, and production of rod-like BaFe₁₂O₁₉ through dehydroxylation of pod-like FeOOH, followed by reactions of α-Fe₂O₃ with BaCO₃ and BaFe₂O₄. The crystallinity of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaCO₃ from precursor α was better than from precursor γ due to the direct dehydroxylation of α-FeOOH, resulting in a lower nucleation rate and better crystallinity of BaFe₂O₄. BaFe₁₂O₁₉ prepared from precursor α showed lower crystallinity and purity with a higher length-diameter ratio than from precursor γ. The VSM results proved that the appearance of final products had an important influence on magnetic properties.     

Effects of encoding and retrieval on the mechanism of item + context binding

To investigate the neural mechanism of semantic representation and color context binding, we used electroencephalograph time frequency and coherence analyses to reveal local and long-range functional coupling in the encoding and retrieval phases of episodic memory. Fifteen undergraduates participated in the experiment and middle-frequency double-character Chinese words were used as stimuli in two types of study-test tasks (context recall and context recognition tests). Significant differences between item+context and item in the encoding phase were observed at the electrodes in the frontal region at 600–800 ms by time frequency analysis. Further differences were observed at 800 ms by independent component analysis: the frontal component and the coherent component of the triangle phase locking structure among the prefrontal, right parietal and left parietal-occipital regions. In the retrieval phase, differences between item+context and item were found on the electrodes at the central parietal and parietal-occipital regions at 400 ms by time frequency analysis, on the parietal-occipital component at 800 ms by independent component analysis and on the coherence component of the anterior right hemisphere and parietal-occipital regions at 1400 ms. In conclusion, the different effects of encoding and retrieval processing on ‘binding’ are reflected by the differing extents that brain regions engaged in cognitive operations. In the retrieval phase in particular, activities of the parietal-occipital region were specifically associated with ‘binding’, and coherence between frontal and temporal-parietal regions is a common brain activity in episodic memory.     

Structure and 57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy study of Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystal thin films by electroless plating in aqueous solution

Mn1-xZnxFe2O4thin films with various Zn contents and of different thickness were synthesized on glass substrates directly by electroless plating in aqueous solution at 90℃ without heat treatment. The Mn-Zn ferrite films have a single spinel phase structure and well-crystallized columnar grains growing per- pendicularly to the substrates. The results of conversion electron ^57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy （CEMS） Indicate that the cation distribution of Mn1-xZnxFe204 ferrite nanocrystal thin films fabricated by electroless plating is different from the bulk materials＇ and a great quantity of Fe^3＋ ions are still present on A sites for x〉0.5. When the Zn content of the films increases, Fe^3＋ ions in the films transfer from A sites to B sites and the hyperfine magnetic field reduces, suggesting that Zn2. has strong chemical affinity towards the A sites. On the other side, with the increase of the thickness of the films, Fe3＋ ions, at B sites in the spinel structure, increase and the array of magnetic moments no longer lies in the thin film plane completely. At x = 0.5, Hc and Ms of Mn1-xZnxFe204thin films show a minimum of 3.7 kA/m and a maximum of 419.6 kA/m, respectively.     

混凝土中几种无机相对钢筋腐蚀的影响

用CaCO3、SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为原料,通过高温固相反应,分别制备了组成单一的无机相粉体C3-S2、C3-A1和C4-A1-F1,以此来模拟混凝土无机相的主要成分。这3种粉体被分别浸泡到含有氯离子的混凝土孔隙模拟溶液中。针对浸泡实验的固液共存体系,分别做了钢筋的极化曲线测试、溶液相的氯离子浓度测试以及过滤产物的XRD晶相分析。分析结果表明,无机相粉体对钢筋起到减缓腐蚀的作用;溶液相中氯离子浓度随时间的延长均呈下降趋势,其中C3-A1和C4-A1-F1粉体对自由氯离子都有很强的结合能力;C3-A1和C4-A1-F1粉体的过滤产物中均发现了Friedel盐相(Ca2Al(OH)6Cl.2H2O),而C3-S2粉体的过滤产物中没有发现含有氯离子的产物晶体相,表明C3-A1和C4-A1-F1粉体模拟的铝酸钙(C3A)通过离子交换结合氯离子,而C3-S2粉体模拟的C-S-H凝胶相则通过物理吸附结合氯离子。     

Evidence and modeling study of droughts in China during 4―2 ka BP

Four periods with predominated droughts are identified in 4-2 ka BP according to documentary data, namely 3.6-3.5, 3.1-3.0, 2.8-2.7, and 2.45-2.35 ka BP. Palaeo-environmental data indicated that droughts were predominated in 4-2 ka BP in the south of Northeast China, Inner-Mongolia, east of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and South China. Modeling study shows that precession may be responsible for the occurrence of droughts in 4-2 ka BP, integrating the GCM with forcing of insolation.     

绕射激波和反射激波冲击下的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

利用高速纹影和平面片光测试技术,实验研究低马赫数入射激波绕圆柱体后冲击N2/SF6平面界面,以及来自固壁的反射激波再冲击过程的R-M不稳定性特征.在竖直激波管采用重气体尾部充入,轻气体上部充入,狭缝流出的方式,在实验段狭缝处生成准静止稳定的N2/SF6平面界面.激波与圆柱作用后的流场是复杂的,包括初始的入射波、弯曲反射波、马赫波、由马赫反射产生的滑移线.研究这些复杂流场对界面的作用,对认识界面扰动的生成具有较大帮助.与平面激波作用不同的是,在柱体绕射后的激波冲击下,界面会生成局部扰动.实验结果显示,入射激波作用下界面宽度增长缓慢,而反射激波再冲击后,局部扰动会产生大的"尖钉"和"气泡"结构;反射激波与边界层相互作用产生壁面涡,会加剧湍流混合区的增长;来自尾部固壁的反射稀疏波会再次加剧湍流混合区的增长.     

Atmospheric oscillations over the last millennium

The variations of global atmospheric oscillations over the last millennium, including the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) highly associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), are studied and compared in this paper based on observations and reconstructed data. The cross correlation analysis of AAO, NAO and NPO shows that there is no significant relationship on interannual variation among them. However, the consistency on decadal variability is prominent. During A.D.1920–1940 and A.D.1980–2000, the positive (strong) phase was dominant and the negative (weak) one noticeable during A.D.1940–1980. In addition, the reconstructed atmospheric oscillations series demonstrate that the positive phase existed in the early of the last millennium for NAO and in the late of the last millennium for AAO, respectively; while it occurred in the mid-late of the last millennium for PDO and ENSO.     

编码和提取对项目+背景捆绑机制的影响

采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术考察了情景记忆编码和提取对语义表征和颜色背景“捆绑”神经机制的影响. 15名大学生被试参与实验, 以汉字为刺激材料, 采用学习-测验(背景回忆和背景再认任务)研究范式. 数据处理采用事件相关的EEG时频分析、相干分析和独立成分分析(ICA). 结果表明, 比较编码中项目+背景与项目条件, 时频分析得到两者之间的差异集中于额区, 时程为600~800 ms; 独立成分分析得到的额区成分说明, 2个条件的差异发生在800 ms; 相干分析得到前额、右顶和左顶-枕区电极的三角形相干结构, 2个条件的差异发生在800 ms. 比较提取过程的项目+背景与项目条件, 时频分析得到两者之间的差异集中于中央顶区和顶枕区, 发生在400 ms; 独立成分分析得到顶枕部脑区成分, 2个条件的差异发生在800 ms; 相干分析得到右半球前部和顶枕部脑区电极的相干成分, 2个条件的差异发生在1400 ms. 研究结果证实, 编码和提取对“捆绑”的影响不同, 这种影响体现在不同脑区参与认知神经活动的程度不同. 尤其证实了在提取过程中, 顶枕部脑区活动是“捆绑”的特异性活动; 额-顶枕部相干活动是情景记忆中“捆绑”过程普遍存在的大脑活动.     

1,1-二苯基乙烯存在下甲基丙烯酸甲酯的自由基聚合研究

以偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,1,1-二苯基乙烯（DPE）为添加剂,对甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的自由基聚合过程进行了研究,并通过GPC、1H-NMR、ESI-MS表征了PMMA大分子的结构。结果表明,在DPE存在下,体系在一定程度上具备可控聚合的特征：聚合物分子量随单体转化率增加而增加,分子量分布较窄;DPE用量越大,相同时间下单体转化率越低;相同单体转化率下,DPE用量越大,聚合物的相对分子质量越低。PMMA大分子主要结构为一个DPE端基的链自由基和一个PMMA链自由基间偶合终止生成的含有一个DPE单元的特征结构。     

Expression profile analysis of 9 heat shock protein genes throughout the life cycle and under abiotic stress in rice

Plant heat shock proteins (Hsps) facilitate protein folding or assembly under diverse developmental and adverse environmental conditions. Nine OsHsps were identified in our previous study from a proteomic analysis of rice cv. IRAT 109 leaf samples at the seedling stage under drought stress. To obtain additional information on the 9 OsHsp genes, this study focused on an expression profile analysis at different development stages throughout the life cycle of rice, and under different abiotic stresses and phyto-hormone treatments. The 9 genes exhibited distinctive expression patterns in different organs or development stages. Five of the genes (OsHsp72.90, OsHsp72.57, OsHsp71.18, OsHsp24.15 and OsHsp18.03) showed high expression in the endosperm, indicating that OsHsp genes may play important roles in rice seed development. All 9 OsHsps were up-regulated under heat, polyethylene glycol, and abscisic acid treatment, whereas salt stress caused up-regulation of 6 genes (OsHsp93.04, OsHsp71.10, OsHsp71.18, OsHsp72.57, OsHsp24.15 and OsHsp18.03) and cold stress resulted in down-regulation of OsHsp93.04 and OsHsp72.57. These diverse expression profiles imply potential functional diversity of the Hsp gene family in rice.