RDSS卫星授时误差建模与仿真测试

RDSS定时终端在不同领域得到广泛应用,终端技术取得日新月异的变化,但是由于RDSS体制的特殊性,相关信号模拟器的国内研制相对滞后,不具备仿真功能,无法满足定时终端定时处理流程和算法的测试需求.因此,研制具有仿真模型的模拟器支持调试研发是当前终端测试的迫切需求.本文详述了基于RDSS卫星授时的原理,分析了动态信号的模拟要求,建立了卫星转发时刻、卫星轨道参数、目标运动轨迹、信号传输误差等仿真模型.信号源实测数据表明,各项指标满足测试需求.     

Cu改性直接甲醇燃料电池Pd/C阴极催化剂的电催化性能

用铜做掺杂元素,采用浸渍法以活性炭为载体制备了贵金属载量为20%的Pd-Cu/C系列直接甲醇燃料电池阴极催化剂,比较了4种不同Cu含量催化剂的电催化性能。采用ICP和X射线衍射分析了催化剂中金属元素的比例以及Cu掺杂对Pd/C催化剂晶体结构的影响。结果表明:催化剂中Pd与Cu的物质的量之比与预设值相近,Pd和Cu基本被全部还原;Pd-Cu/C催化剂为面心立方结构,元素铜的加入使催化剂的Pd-Pd间距缩小,从而HO2 ads和OO键能更好地吸附在催化剂金属表面;当采用NaBH4为还原剂,Pd与Cu物质的量比为3∶1时,催化剂(Pd3Cu/C)的平均粒径为3.4 nm,催化剂的催化性能最好,电化学活性表面积EAS达到38.9m2/gPd,电化学性能较Pd/C催化剂有很大提高,接近Pt/C商用催化剂。     

MNi4.8Sn0.2（M=La, Nd）-supported multi-walled carbon nanotube composites as hydrogen storage materials

Two composites LaNi4.8Sn0.2/CNTs and NdNi4.8Sn0.2/CNTs were prepared by an impregnation-reduction method. Their hydrogen storage capacity could reach up to 2.96 wt% and 2.88 wt% respectively at room temperature and 1.0 MPa pressure. These values, which might result from the synergetic effect between the alloy nanoparticles and the pretreated CNTs, were three times higher than those of the unsupported MNi4.8Sn0.2 (M=La, Nd) alloys under the same conditions. XRD and TEM revealed that the alloy particles were uniformly dispersed on the CNTs and the average particle size was ca. 30 nm. The composites also showed good stability and the hydrogen storage capacity decreased by less than 6% after 100 adsorption-desorption cycles. Moreover, no noticeable change in crystalline structure was observed for the composites.     

High genetic diversity in population of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepturichthys fimbriata</Emphasis> from the Yangtze River revealed by microsatellite DNA analysis

Lepturichthys fimbriata (Günther) is one of the benthic and rock-attached fish species that is typically found in torrential flows of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Several dams in the Yangtze River (the Ertan Dam, the Three Gorges Dam, the Gezhouba Dam, the Xiluodu Dam and the Xiangjiaba Dam (the latter two dams are under construction)) may have significant effects on the habitat and spawning behaviors of L. fimbriata, and could ultimately threaten the survival of this fish. We studied the population genetic diversity of L. fimbriata samples collected at three sites within the Yangtze River and one of its tributaries, the Yalong River. Genetic diversity patterns were determined by analyzing genetic data from 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated in Jinshaia sinensis (Sauvage et Dabry). A high genetic diversity among these L. fimbriata local populations was indicat- ed by the number of microsatellite alleles (A) and the expected heterozygosity. No reductions of genetic diversity in any L. fimbriata population were observed. However, significant population differentiations were observed among three local populations by pairwise comparisons (P<0.001). We deduced that L. fimbriata local populations were not small ones. In addition, the habitat behaviors of rock-attachment and possible residence of L. fimbriata could account for the genetic differences found in local populations.     

铜锰负载型堇青石整体催化剂表面低浓度甲烷催化燃烧本征动力学研究

采用等温积分反应器，在常压、600~700℃和甲烷体积分数0.1%~1%的条件下，对国产铜锰负载型堇青石整体催化剂上低浓度甲烷催化燃烧本征动力学特性进行了系统的实验研究。以单纯形法对动力学实验数据进行最优化参数估计，建立了低浓度甲烷催化燃烧双曲型本征动力学模型，数理统计和残差分布检验结果表明，所建模型与实验结果良好相容，是适宜和可信的。     

回弹法测强曲线的逆向回归模型

研究发现采用传统回弹法测强曲线的自变量与因变量的选取存在问题，造成误差较大，且有时不符合工程要求，为此提出了一种测强曲线的逆向回归模型，将原模型中自变量与因变量对换，使试验数据处理更符合回归分析理论，并对220组试验数据分析得出其平均相对误差和相对标准差比传统回归模型明显偏小，从而使回弹法检测混凝土强度的结果更加准确、可靠。     

流向变换催化氧化技术的研究与工业应用

低浓度反应物催化氧化反应技术是流程工业、资源与环境工程中一个经常遇到的、重要的共性技术。多年来,北京化工大学工业催化与反应工程研究室对这一领域中一种先进的过程强化技术——流向变换催化氧化技术进行了系统的应用基础、技术开发与工程放大研究。相应地,在结构化催化剂制备、流向变换催化氧化反应器的操作特性、反应/换热系统的过程模型化、模型微分方程组的数值解法与控制技术等方面都做了一系列工作。在此基础上,与协作单位合作,对煤矿乏风（VAM）制热并脱除大量低浓度甲烷、煤制油流程中脱碳塔尾气脱除挥发性有机物（VOCs）等相关技术进行了工程化开发,最终集成为流向变换催化氧化成套技术并实现了工业化和工业装置的长周期、稳定、达标运行。     

Dynamics of crystallization and dissolution of calcium orthophosphates at the near-molecular level

Although extensive investigations of biogenic and geological calcium phosphate crystallization/dissolution and their phase transformations have been performed,the mechanisms of crystallization and dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium phosphates in geological settings have not been completely determined at the near-molecular level.In particular,an understanding of the physical-chemical processes at the earliest nucleation stage and the subsequent crystal surface dynamics in soil solutions is lacking.This review focuses on the earliest events in homo/heterogeneous nucleation from an initial supersaturated solution phase,the subsequent growth of calcium phosphate phases,and the relevant influences of the presence of additional inorganic and organic molecules in both geological and biological settings.These studies have implications for the understanding of the complex processes of calcium phosphate transformations in soils,and provide possible physical-chemical mechanisms for the biogeochemical behavior of phosphorus at the near-molecular level.     

生物质三组分热解反应及动力学的比较

采用热重分析法考察了生物质中三种主要成分纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的热解反应行为,以Coats-Redfern积分法对实验数据进行动力学解析,建立了该三组分热解反应的动力学模型。结果表明,分子结构上的不同使得该三组分的热解特性存在明显差异;在所考察的温区内纤维素的失重量约为86%,半纤维素模型化合物木聚糖的失重量为69%左右,而木质素的失重量仅为51%;热解反应深度按照纤维素、木聚糖和木质素的顺序依次降低;木质素和木聚糖的热解反应均可以用两个分段二级动力学方程来描述,但纤维素在低温区和高温区分别遵循一级和二级动力学规律。     

Mechanism and operation parameters of a plasma-driven micro-particle accelerator

There is a large amount of micro debris ranging between millimeters and micrometers in space, which has significant influence on the reliability and life of spacecrafts through long-duration integrated impacts and has to be considered in designing a vehicle’s suitability to the space environment. In order to simulate the micro-impacts on exposed materials, a plasma-driven micro-particle accelerator was developed. The major processes, including the acceleration, compression and ejection of plasmas, were mode...