豆油-苯乙烯共聚物的悬浮制备

采用悬浮聚合法将豆油与苯乙烯进行自由基共聚,制备支化和部分交联的聚合材料。结果表明,豆油与苯乙烯发生了共聚,聚合物中甘油酯基最高摩尔分数达到0.81%,豆油单元的质量分数达到6.50%。聚合温度85.0℃,反应时间4.0h,反应物中悬浮剂（聚乙烯醇）的质量分数0.15%,反应物中豆油的质量分数在10%时,共聚物的分子量达到最大值。共聚物中甘油酯基的含量随着反应物豆油含量的增加而增加。当反应物豆油的质量分数为10%时,凝胶的质量分数达到最大值3.70%。     

Structure of aqueous sodium sulfate solutions derived from X-ray diffraction

A rapid liquid X-ray diffractometer was used to study the time-averaged and space-averaged structure of aqueous sodium sulfate solutions at 298 and 323 K. Difference radial distribution functions of the solutions were obtained from accurate diffraction data. The interaction distances of Na^＋-OH2 and S-H2O in solutions were found to be 0.235 and 0.385 nm, respectively, after deconvolution of superposition peaks by Gaussian multi-peak fitting program. The characteristic distance of the NaSO; contact ion pairs in higher concentration solutions was determined to be 0.345 nm, suggesting that the Na^＋ ions coordinated with SO4^2- ions in the mono-dentate form. Effects of concentration and temperature on the hydration structure of the solutions were discussed in the present paper. With a decrease in concentration, the contributions of the H2O to the diffraction pattern increase, the average coordination number of the Na^＋ ions hardly changes, while the hydration number of SO4^2- ions increases slightly. The formation of NaSO; contact ion pairs becomes easier at higher temperature. The structure of hydrogen bond in dilute solutions is broken to a considerable extent with rising temperature, and the peak at 0.290 nm splits into two peaks at 0.275 and 0.305 nm, respectively.     

扩展的输入变量对失效概率重要性测度及其积分算法

为了全面地分析输入变量对可靠性工程中所关心的结构或系统失效的影响,在继承了传统矩独立重要性测度的基础上提出了扩展的失效概率重要性测度指标.针对失效概率重要性测度计算量大的问题,本文结合能高效、准确求解概率密度函数的核密度估计法,建立了一种求解所提测度的积分法.文中算例表明,所提重要性测度包含了更加全面的输入变量对结构失效影响的信息,所建积分法破除了重要性测度计算的"维数诅咒",大大地减少了重要性测度指标的计算量.     

变频器在水系统中的应用及节能原理分析

文章介绍了变频器在水系统的应用,并用流体力学和电机学的知识分析了变频调速的节能原理,通过实验数据定量分析了节能效果,最后介绍了变频器的维护经验。     

利用瞬态电致发光研究有机小分子发光器件中延迟荧光的发射机理

制备了两种基于Alq3的有机小分子发光器件,其结构分别为:ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al和ITO/NPB/Alq3:DCM/Alq3/LiF/Al.利用瞬态电致发光技术,研究了这两种发光器件中延迟荧光的发射机理.发现在Alq3的双层器件中,延迟荧光较弱,且主要是由电荷延迟注入所形成的单重态激子退激产生;而在Alq3:DCM染料掺杂器件中,延迟荧光较强.通过分析Alq3:DCM掺杂器件的延迟荧光对反偏压和脉冲偏压脉宽的依赖关系,进一步发现掺杂器件的延迟荧光主要来自于发光层中受陷电荷释放后的再复合过程以及DCM客体分子中的三重态-三重态激子淬灭(Triplet-Triplet Annihilation,TTA)过程.其中,TTA过程是Alq3:DCM掺杂器件中延迟荧光产生的主要机制.     

柠檬酸渣可降解地膜的制备及其农用特性的研究

为解决聚乙烯类农用地膜的大量使用引起的一系列环境问题,并且充分利用发酵工业中产生的有机生物质废弃物,以柠檬酸发酵菌渣为原料,制备了生物可降解农用地膜。针对预处理条件进行了温度、时间和碱浓度的优化,使其具备农用标准。研究结果表明：生物可降解膜较裸地的对照组地温可提升5~7℃,保墒性能与传统市售地膜相当;与裸地的对照组相比,覆盖有柠檬酸渣膜的土壤棉花产量可提高5.5%。这说明柠檬酸渣是优良的生物可降解地膜原料。     

Porous graphene: Properties, preparation, and potential applications

Graphene has recently emerged as an important and exciting material.Inspired by its outstanding properties,many researchers have extensively studied graphene-related materials both experimentally and theoretically.Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials with nanopores in the plane.Porous graphene exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene,and it has widespread potential applications in various fields such as gas separation,hydrogen storage,DNA sequencing,and supercapacitors.In this review,we summarize recent progress in studies of the properties,preparation,and potential applications of porous graphene,and show that porous graphene is a promising material with great potential for future development.