中国南海红树内生真菌No.1403次级代谢物的研究

中国南海红树的内生真菌Ｎｏ．１４０３是由香港城市大学Ｖｒｉｊｍｏｅｄ教授等分离出来的。其发酵液粗提物有明显的抗菌活性,对酵母菌和霉菌均有抑制作用。采用硅胶柱层析、核磁共振、质谱,红外光谱和Ｘ光结晶衍射等方法对该菌静置培养的发酵液化学成分进行研究,发现真菌Ｎｏ．１４０３能产生灰黄霉素Ａ和多种醌类抗生素Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ及其它化合物,其中Ｃ未见文献报道,Ａ的产量很高,约为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,本研究表明Ｎｏ．１４０３     

Organizational Pressures on Forecast Evaluation: Managerial,Political, and Procedural Influences

This paper proposes a theory to explain why some forecasting organizations institutionalize forecast accuracy evaluation while others do not. The theory considers internal and external aspects of managerial, political, and procedural factors as they affect forecasting organizations. The theory is then tested using data from a survey of the US Federal Forecasters Group. Though some support for the theory is developed, multiple alternative explanations for results and the ‘public’ nature of the sample organizations prevent wide-scale generalization. The results suggest that larger organizations are more likely to have some form of forecast evaluation than smaller units. The institutionalization of forecast accuracy evaluation is closely linked to internal managerial and procedural factors, while external political pressure tends to reduce the likelihood of institutionalization of evaluation of forecast accuracy.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.