Primary division ratio of umbilical arteries and vein of the human placenta in abnormal states of pregnancy and development

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass die Verzweigungen der Nabelschnurgefässe am übergang auf die Membrana chorii bei Zwillingsschwangerschaften, Fehlbildungen des Fetus sowie beim Hydramnion signifikante Abweichungen von der Norm zeigen.     

Foetal blood vessels on the chorial surface of the human placenta in abnormal pregnancy and development

Zusammenfassung Variationen in Verteilung, Aufzweigungsmodus, Überkreuzung von Arterien und Venen sowie arteriovenöse Anastomosen kommen in immer grösserem Ausmass vor, wenn ein falscher Sitz der Plazenta, Mehrlingsschwangerschaft, Hydramnion sowie Missbildungen des Feten vorliegen. Missbildungen des Feten sind meistens mit solchen Variationen gekoppelt.     

Reaction kinetics modeling for lithium and cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using acetic acid

Lithium and cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) is a major focus because of their increased production and usage. The conventional method for recycling spent LIBs using inorganic acids produces harmful byproducts. In this work, the leaching agent was substituted with a less expensive and more environmentally friendly alternative—acetic acid—and a mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of the recovery process. The variables used were the pH value, temperature, H_2O_2 concentration, and the solid-to-liquid(S/L) ratio. The mathematical model used was the shrinking core model, which was modified to accommodate an equilibrium reaction. The experimental results show that the rate of recovery of Li and Co over time was only affected by temperature. The leaching behaviors of Li and Co were found to oppose each other. An increase in temperature resulted in increased recovery of Li but decreased recovery of Co because of the product-favoring endothermic reaction of Li and the reactant-favoring exothermic reaction of Co. The product of Li has a lower entropy value than the reactant as a free-moving ion, whereas the product of Co leaching has a higher entropy value as a stiff crystal complex. Thus, temperature conditioning is a pivotal factor in the leaching of spent LIBs.     

Arteriovenous dissociation on the chorial surface of the human placenta in abnormal states of pregnancy and development

Zusammenfassung Auf der Membrana chorii treten manchmal Venen und Arterien getrennt voneinander in die Zottenstämme ein. Hier wird erstmals ein grösseres Material auf dieses Faktum hin untersucht und gleichzeitig gezeigt, dass bei Fehlbildungen und Hydramnion sowie bei Zwillingsgeburten diese Abweichungen signifikant gehäuft auftreten.     

Arteriovenous crossings on the chorial surface of the human placenta in abnormal pregnancy and development

Zusammenfassung Wenn auf der Membrana chorii die Arterien gehäuft von den Venen überkreuzt werden, treten auch vermehrt Missbildungen und Hydramnion auf. Die Plazenten von Zwillingen scheinen sich gleich zu verhalten wie diejenigen von Missbildungen.     

Association of a functional variant downstream of TNFAIP3 with systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, MIM152700) is an autoimmune disease characterized by self-reactive antibodies resulting in systemic inflammation and organ failure. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20, is an established susceptibility locus for SLE. By fine mapping and genomic re-sequencing in ethnically diverse populations, we fully characterized the TNFAIP3 risk haplotype and identified a TT>A polymorphic dinucleotide (deletion T followed by a T to A transversion) associated with SLE in subjects of European (P = 1.58 × 10(-8), odds ratio = 1.70) and Korean (P = 8.33 × 10(-10), odds ratio = 2.54) ancestry. This variant, located in a region of high conservation and regulatory potential, bound a nuclear protein complex composed of NF-κB subunits with reduced avidity. Further, compared with the non-risk haplotype, the haplotype carrying this variant resulted in reduced TNFAIP3 mRNA and A20 protein expression. These results establish this TT>A variant as the most likely functional polymorphism responsible for the association between TNFAIP3 and SLE.