A microanalysis of colloid osmotic pressure

Summary A needle type of colloid osmometer has been devised with special attachments which made it useable with 3-l samples. It has been used in oncometry of fresh water teleosts to give the following results: 5.1±1.0 mm Hg for goldfish, 5.2±0.71 mm Hg for carp, and 14.3±0.75 mm Hg for eel.This study was supported in part by Research Grant 387036 from the Ministry of Education of Japan.invited to National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.     

The absence of an inhibitory effect of metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di (3-pyridyl) propan-1-one) on hepatic microsomal hydroxylation in scurvy.

Microsomes from livers of scorbutic guinea-pigs showed a reduced rate of acetanilide hydroxylation. The response of "scorbutic" liver microsomes to the inhibitor Metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2 di (3-pyridyl) propan-1-one) was different from that of liver microsomes from non-scorbutic guinea-pigs.     

PLGA组织工程支架的构建及降解行为研究

用本体开环聚合方式合成不同摩尔比的PLGA（n(dl-LA)n(GA)分别为85／15，75／25，65／35，55／45)共聚物。^H NMR和溶解试验结果表明，共聚物各链段呈无规分布，GA序列长度在1.3-1.8之间。通过溶液浇铸造-低热模压-粒子沥滤技术构建了高度多孔的PLGA组织工程支架，考察了它们在Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中的降解行为。结果表明：随着水解的进行，PLGA的特性粘度及构建的多孔支架的压缩强度迅速下降，共聚物中GA组分含量赵大，下降的速度越快，与之对应的多孔支架的多孔结构形态保持时间也随共聚物中GA组合分含量增加而下降，分别为8周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)分别为85/15和75/25）、4周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为65/35）和2周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为55/45）；但质量损失速率比[η下降速度慢得多，多孔支架的降解速率慢于薄膜的降解速率。     

秦淮河水质改善现场调水试验

为了探究不同水闸调度方案对秦淮河水质改善的效果,进行了洪水期、丰水期调度、枯水期调度和降雨初期雨水污染调度等典型时段调水试验。结果表明:通过合理调控闸泵可对秦淮河水质产生积极效果,上游来水、引水的质量和调度时段对于调度效果具有明显影响。     

广义大系统的非脆弱分散控制

讨论了状态反馈控制器存在摄动的线性广义大系统的非脆弱分散控制问题,应用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,针对控制器增益具有加法式摄动和乘法式摄动两种情形,分别给出了线性广义大系统非脆弱分散控制器存在的充分条件.该控制器是一组线性矩阵不等式(LMIs),利用该不等式的可行解设计了非脆弱分散状态反馈控制器,使得闭环系统成为正则、稳定且无脉冲模的系统.仿真实例的结果说明了该设计方法的可行性和有效性.     

广义系统的非脆弱观测器设计与镇定控制

为了进一步提高控制器的适应能力,该文研究了基于观测器的广义系统非脆弱控制问题.针对控制器和观测器不确定性都是时不变且有界的情况,应用线性矩阵不等式( Linear matrix inequalities,LMI)方法给出了非脆弱观测器存在条件,应用广义代数Riceati不等式(Generalized algebraic Riccati inequalities,GARI)方法解决了基于观测器的广义系统非脆弱控制问题;给出了非脆弱控制器和非脆弱观测器的参数表达式.数值仿真结果验证了所给方法的有效性和应用.     

一类关联时滞广义大系统的稳定性与分散镇定

该文研究了一类关联时滞广义大系统的稳定性和分散镇定问题,目的是设计一状态反馈分散控制器,使得闭环系统正则、脉冲自由且稳定。应用线性矩阵不等式方法,给出了该类关联时滞广义大系统的稳定性与分散镇定的充分条件。它们是一组严格的线性矩阵不等式。当这组条件可解时,给出了分散状态反馈控制器的严格线性矩阵不等式设计方法和控制律的表达式。最后给出算例仿真说明所给方法的应用。     

Evolutionary divergence in closely related populations of Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

The evolutionary divergence of five closely related populations of the yellow monkey flower. Mimulus guttatus was compared with the length of time the populations could have occupied the site and with the ability of the populations to intercross. Populations from the younger sites were found to be morphologically intermediate to populations from the older sites. Ability to intercross was not correlated with morphological divergence at this stage of evolution.       

Science in English encyclopædias, 1704–1875.—III

This note discusses lecture plates at the Hugo de Vries Laboratorium that may be relevant to Hugo de Vries's claim to have independently discovered Mendel's law of segregation. Dating when the plates were made is problematic.     

Lanthanide contraction and magnetism in the heavy rare earth elements

The heavy rare earth elements crystallize into hexagonally close packed (h.c.p.) structures and share a common outer electronic configuration, differing only in the number of 4f electrons they have. These chemically inert 4f electrons set up localized magnetic moments, which are coupled via an indirect exchange interaction involving the conduction electrons. This leads to the formation of a wide variety of magnetic structures, the periodicities of which are often incommensurate with the underlying crystal lattice. Such incommensurate ordering is associated with a 'webbed' topology of the momentum space surface separating the occupied and unoccupied electron states (the Fermi surface). The shape of this surface-and hence the magnetic structure-for the heavy rare earth elements is known to depend on the ratio of the interplanar spacing c and the interatomic, intraplanar spacing a of the h.c.p. lattice. A theoretical understanding of this problem is, however, far from complete. Here, using gadolinium as a prototype for all the heavy rare earth elements, we generate a unified magnetic phase diagram, which unequivocally links the magnetic structures of the heavy rare earths to their lattice parameters. In addition to verifying the importance of the c/a ratio, we find that the atomic unit cell volume plays a separate, distinct role in determining the magnetic properties: we show that the trend from ferromagnetism to incommensurate ordering as atomic number increases is connected to the concomitant decrease in unit cell volume. This volume decrease occurs because of the so-called lanthanide contraction, where the addition of electrons to the poorly shielding 4f orbitals leads to an increase in effective nuclear charge and, correspondingly, a decrease in ionic radii.