基于活动的瓶颈模型:公交枢纽晚高峰居民通勤研究

如何快速消除公交枢纽瓶颈的制约,是居民通勤的老大难问题.本文结合瓶颈模型与基于活动的方法来研究公交枢纽晚高峰居民通勤行为,以解决通勤者在其活动和出行之间的时间分配问题.以瓶颈模型为基础,考虑公交内部拥挤,将出行行为与活动相关联.通过引入公交内部拥挤成本,根据不同的效用函数选择出发时间,建立了动态出行均衡模型.并由此得出均衡条件下的相关性质,来解释晚高峰通勤者在瓶颈入口前排队的交通现象.研究发现,与传统瓶颈模型相比,基于活动瓶颈模型乘客动态更加丰富,出发时间选择更为复杂.算例结果表明,通勤者对公交车内部拥挤的敏感度越高,越会尽量地避开高峰出行.为了使净效用更大,通勤者会选择在工作地滞留较长时间,晚高峰时段推迟.     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

CCBIOS2.13E版本中打印功能的改进

采用CCBIOS2.13E汉字系统打印程序的基本思想,对它的打印功能存在问题进行了改进,把原折页打印改成双面打印,即节省了打印纸又克服了所存在的问题。     

广西大瑶山野生绞股蓝六种无机元素的测定

目的：对广西大瑶山野生绞股蓝茎、叶中的六种无机元素进行测定.方法：采用湿法消化法和原子吸收法进行研究.结果：广西大瑶山野生绞股蓝茎、叶中六种元素含量差异较大,叶中的含量明显高于茎中的含量,所测的六种元素的含量依次为：Ca〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu.结论：广西大瑶山野生绞股蓝六种无机元素的含量较为丰富,可以满足人体的需要,本研究为探讨无机元素与绞股蓝药理作用之间的关系提供了可靠的依据,为绞股蓝药物开发提供了方向.     

Symmetrical directional cloning: An efficient method to prepare hairpin RNA interference constructs

RNA interference (RNAi) is a loss-of-function approach by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) initiates degradation of homologous mRNAs in a sequence specific manner. The dsRNA molecules can be produced in vitro or in vivo, and can be introduced to cells in a number of ways. Here we report a more efficient method for the cloning of inverted repeat DNA fragments into expression vectors that can be transcribed into effective dsRNA molecules in vivo or in vitro. This method, named Symmetrical Directional Cloning (SDC), takes the advantage of compatible non-palindromic restriction enezyme sites, which allow one to directionally clone a single PCR product in both the sense and antisense orientations together into a vector. SDC allows for the directional cloning of inverted repeats using a single PCR product; it requires only one cut site on each side of the loop. Hence this method is more cost effective and less time-consuming. At least 21 commercially available restriction endonucleases can be used as cloning sites for the SDC method. The efficacy of dsRNA expression vectors prepared by SDC has been demonstrated by targeting a negative regulator of the signaling pathway mediating the response of cells to phytohormone, gibberellins (GA), in the aleurone cells.     

降雨条件下边坡各向异性渗流及稳定性的模拟分析

基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论,针对不同的渗透系数异向性比值,以及不同的渗透系数张量主轴方向与水平方向夹角,对降雨条件下边坡地下水渗流场动态变化进行了数值模拟,分析了降雨过程中边坡孔隙水压力分布规律,得到了边坡安全系数随降雨持续时间的变化规律.数值模拟结果表明,土体各向异性渗流对降雨条件下边坡渗流场及安全系数有着显著的影响.     

Characterization of threerice CCoAOMT genes

Caffeoyl-Coenzyme A 3-O-Methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis pathway. Three rice CCoAOMT genes were identified and designated as OsCOAI, OsCOA20 and OsCOA26. OsCOAI contains four exons and three introns, while the other two have three exons and two introns. The deduced amino acid sequences of these rice genes share a high identity (75.43%) with other plant CCoAOMT proteins and contain the CCoAOMT specific motifs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that OsCOAI has the closest evolutionary relationship to maize CCoAOMT. In contrast, OsCOA20 and OsCOA26 belong to another clade.Northern blot analyses and in situ hybridization studies indicate that the three rice CCoAOMT genes are highly expressed in developing sclerenchyma cells and vessel bundles of young leaves, suggesting that they are probably involved in constitutive lignification.     

Obtaining the transgenic poplars with low lignin content through down-regulation of 4CL

The antisense 4CL (4-coumarate: CoA ligase)gene was transformed into triploid Chinese white poplar(Populus tomentosa) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that antisense 4CLgene had been integrated into the genome of the transgenicChinese white poplars. The antisense gene had also beenexpressed, which was indicated by RT-PCR and Westernanalysis. Klason lignin content assay showed that repressionof 4CL expression could result in remarkable reduction oflignin content in transgenic poplars, with most reduction of 41.73% compared with that of wild type in this paper. Butthere is no significant difference in holocellulose content be-tween trans- genic and wild poplars. We considered that 4CLmight not be the metabolism control point between ligninand carbohy- drate biosynthesis. The stems of transgenicpoplars displayed red-brown color with different levels afterthe bark was peeled, while those of untransformed plantswere white. No visible differences in growth and developmentwere observed between transgenic and wild plants. Wiesnerreaction analysis of the transgenic plant stems with reducedlignin content exhibited red color, while that of untrans-formed plant was typically purple-red.     

微细铣削加工表面形貌的分形特征

微细铣削加工表面形貌特征的评价与表征对微细切削加工表面的形成机理、加工表面的形成与工艺参数之间的关系等的研究有重要意义。应用分形几何理论,采用盒计数法对微细铣削加工表面形貌进行研究。结果表明:微细铣削表面具有明显的分形特征,其盒计数维数在1.32～1.42之间,说明其加工表面形貌比较复杂,同时证明加工表面轮廓的分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra没有相关性,进而可以从分形维数D与表面粗糙度Ra两方面对微细铣削加工表面形貌特征进行综合评价。     

简易消能减震砌体结构模型振动台试验

针对村镇量大面广的砌体结构,提出了一种简易消能减震技术,并对该技术进行了1∶4模型振动台试验,结果表明:该技术可使结构在小震作用下,不发生需要修复的破坏,能保证房屋正常使用功能要求;输入台面峰值加速度0.225g,相当于原型房屋的地面峰值加速度0.15g(7.5度中震),消能减震部位发挥作用,有效减轻砌体结构在大震下的损伤;当输入台面峰值加速度0.6g,相当于原型房屋的地面峰值加速度0.4g(8度大震),消能减震部位破坏严重,但结构仍未倒塌。