A Visual Integrated Analysis Platform for Nuclear Fuel Cycle System Based on Multilevel Flow Model

Complex Nuclear Fuel Cycle （NFC） system faces many socio-technical issues that need to obtain the consensus between stakeholders of different knowledge background. In this paper, a visualized analysis platform based on graphical functional modeling method, Multilevel Flow Model （MFM）, is proposed to help those stakeholders to recognize and analyze various socio-technical issues in NFC system. Some new functions, such as “Reaction Function”, “Switch Function” and “Conversion Function”, are introduced to fulfill new simulation tasks for NFC system. Based upon this methodology, a micro-process and a macro-process of NFC system are simulated and meanwhile some key analysis variables, such as CO2 emission and cost flow, required by some analysis methods are deducted and displayed in the platform. And finally a sample simulation analysis is conducted based on MFM.     

多层焊焊接应力分布对管子局部热处理应力释放准则的影响

采用有限元方法构造了轴对称模型下多层焊应力分布,用粘弹塑性有限元方法对管子多层焊后不同局部热外理条件下应力分量的分布情况进行了研究.结果表明,管子内、外侧残余应力和加热宽度表现出不同的规律管子外侧的残余应力随加热宽度的增加缓慢下降;管子内侧的残余应力在较小的加热宽度下可以得到有效消除.残余应力与加热宽度关系表现为两种类型一种是理想衰减型;另一种为局部最小型.多层焊形式下的残余应力与加热宽度的关系表现为后一种型式.加热宽度2B=5Rt较为合理.过大的加热宽度时局部热处理应力释放的作用不大.最后,进行了管子的多层焊和局部热处理试验,并采用X-射线法对局部热处理后的应力进行了测量.     

Support Operator’s Fault Diagnosis of Complex Plant Systemthrough Multilevel Flow Model and Ecological Interface Design

1 IntroductionModern man-made systems have become more and morecomplex to achieve many automatic and intelligent tasksinstead of be executed by human beings .However ,since theprimaryrole of the systemoperationshould be human beings ,the challenge tothe operating support systemhas beenledtoa paradoxical situation. They should be complex themselvestotake charge of the complex interaction of the systemandsolve such difficult tasks such as fault diagnosis and processcontrol inone hand,and alsothe…     

Study of A Multi-criteria Evaluation Methodology for Nuclear Fuel Cycle System Based on Sustainability

1Introduction Thegrowthofworldpopulationandtherapidgrowthofeconomicactivityhavecausedthe worldwideconcernsontheissuesofenergyshortageandglobalclimatechange.Sincethe energyconsumptionhassomewhatrelationshipwiththeglobalclimatechangeandtheemergence ofanti nuclearprotest,theenergyissueshavebecomepoliticalandpublicissues.Therelated stakeholderswithdifferentinterestsandpreferencesbegantocaretheassessmentforvariousenergysystems.Theevaluationforenergy systemhasalsochangedfrommonetaryevaluation,suchas…     

Thermal spin current from a ferromagnet to silicon by Seebeck spin tunnelling

Heat generation by electric current, which is ubiquitous in electronic devices and circuits, raises energy consumption and will become increasingly problematic in future generations of high-density electronics. The control and re-use of heat are therefore important topics for existing and emerging technologies, including spintronics. Recently it was reported that heat flow within a ferromagnet can produce a flow of spin angular momentum-a spin current-and an associated voltage. This spin Seebeck effect has been observed in metallic, insulating and semiconductor ferromagnets with temperature gradients across them. Here we describe and report the demonstration of Seebeck spin tunnelling-a distinctly different thermal spin flow, of purely interfacial nature-generated in a tunnel contact between electrodes of different temperatures when at least one of the electrodes is a ferromagnet. The Seebeck spin current is governed by the energy derivative of the tunnel spin polarization. By exploiting this in ferromagnet-oxide-silicon tunnel junctions, we observe thermal transfer of spins from the ferromagnet to the silicon without a net tunnel charge current. The induced spin accumulation scales linearly with heating power and changes sign when the temperature differential is reversed. This thermal spin current can be used by itself, or in combination with electrical spin injection, to increase device efficiency. The results highlight the engineering of heat transport in spintronic devices and facilitate the functional use of heat.     

焊接结构三维热变形的有限元模拟

采用三热弹塑性有限元法对焊接过程中的动态应力及焊后的残余应力和变形进行了数值模拟，探讨了焊接时力学行为的特点和提高解的精度和收敛性的途径，并介绍了若干成功的应用实例。     

熔池表面Marangoni力诱导的表面速度奇异现象

通过对焊接熔池流体流动与传热过程控制方程组、合金元素气化方程、Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力方程以及其他辅助方程的耦合求解,定量计算了ＦｅＣｒＮｉＳ合金系中具有不同Ｓ含量时焊接熔池的表面温度分布和浮力、电磁力、Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力共同作用下的表面速度分布．结果表明,在微量的Ｓ含量条件下,熔池表面上的Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力会出现一个最大值．随Ｓ含量增大,Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力减小,Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力的最大值对应的温度增大．在Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ力诱导下,熔池内会形成两个方向相反的涡流环路,它们具有不同的温度,并在熔池表面上逆向而流,相遇处产生很大的温度梯度,从而在该部位引发表面速度奇异峰值．当Ｓ含量较小时,表面速度奇异峰值发生在液相线前沿,当ｗ（Ｓ）大于０．０３％时,速度奇异性消失．     

Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus

The 'Spanish' influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the most devastating outbreak of infectious disease in recorded history. At least 20 million people died from their illness, which was characterized by an unusually severe and rapid clinical course. The complete sequencing of several genes of the 1918 influenza virus has made it possible to study the functions of the proteins encoded by these genes in viruses generated by reverse genetics, a technique that permits the generation of infectious viruses entirely from cloned complementary DNA. Thus, to identify properties of the 1918 pandemic influenza A strain that might be related to its extraordinary virulence, viruses were produced containing the viral haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the 1918 strain. The HA of this strain supports the pathogenicity of a mouse-adapted virus in this animal. Here we demonstrate that the HA of the 1918 virus confers enhanced pathogenicity in mice to recent human viruses that are otherwise non-pathogenic in this host. Moreover, these highly virulent recombinant viruses expressing the 1918 viral HA could infect the entire lung and induce high levels of macrophage-derived chemokines and cytokines, which resulted in infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe haemorrhage, hallmarks of the illness produced during the original pandemic.     

Support Operator＇s Fault Diagnosis of Complex Plant System through Multilevel Flow Model and Ecological Interface Design

The paper describes a new human-interface system design method by combining the conception of Multilevel Flow Model and Ecological Interface Design to support operators＇ fault diagnosis in the complex plant system. Modern man-made systems are always achieving many complex automatic and intelligent tasks so that they are becoming more and more complex and can be hardly understood by operators, who should be the primary role in system operating. This situation presents a big challenge to the operating support system that it should present the complex system in a direct and clear way to operators to and make operators understand the internal interaction of the system especially in the abnormal status to ensure the operating safety. The Multilevel Flow Model based on the idea of ＂Abstraction Hierarchy＂, aiming at decompressing a system by means-end and part-whole way, can be used to represent a complex system in a standard way and perform intelligent operating tasks such as fault diagnosis and process control. Ecological Interface Design, which based on the human cognitive properties, can present the internal interaction of the system in a direct way. This paper combines this two interface design conceptions to achieve two aspects, intelligent fault diagnosis and direct presentation of causal relationship of operating parameters, to support operators＇ fault diagnosis in complex plant system. The design method is applied to a PWR power plant in this paper as an application example.     

Crystal structure of thymine DNA glycosylase conjugated to SUMO-1

Members of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family can be covalently attached to the lysine residue of a target protein through an enzymatic pathway similar to that used in ubiquitin conjugation, and are involved in various cellular events that do not rely on degradative signalling via the proteasome or lysosome. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of SUMO-modification-induced protein functional transfer. During DNA mismatch repair, SUMO conjugation of the uracil/thymine DNA glycosylase TDG promotes the release of TDG from the abasic (AP) site created after base excision, and coordinates its transfer to AP endonuclease 1, which catalyses the next step in the repair pathway. Here we report the crystal structure of the central region of human TDG conjugated to SUMO-1 at 2.1 A resolution. The structure reveals a helix protruding from the protein surface, which presumably interferes with the product DNA and thus promotes the dissociation of TDG from the DNA molecule. This helix is formed by covalent and non-covalent contacts between TDG and SUMO-1. The non-covalent contacts are also essential for release from the product DNA, as verified by mutagenesis.