聚驱后不同化学驱提高采收率对比评价

应用物理模拟方法,研究了聚驱后不同化学驱提高采收率效果的差异及其驱油机理.实验过程中,利用饱和度监测技术测量物理模型剩余油饱和度的变化规律.实验结果表明,聚驱后通过井网加密和化学驱结合可进一步提高采收率,在实验设计的几种驱油方法中,三元复合体系驱油效果最好,聚驱后采收率提高值达到了17.2%.饱和度场分析表明,低渗透层主要是通过扩大波及体积,高渗透层主要是通过提高驱油效率的机理来进一步提高聚驱后采收率,所以在选择聚驱后驱油方法时应综合考虑扩大波及体积和提高驱油效率的双重驱油机理.     

基于极值理论的中国台风降水分布不确定性分析

以浙江温州站点为例,对5种极值模型模拟台风降水极值累积概率分布的方法进行了详细阐述,并分析不同极值模型的差异;对全国748个气象观测站点的1951—2005年所有台风事件的降水及概率进行了系统分析,结果表明Weibull分布模拟中国台风极值降水整体检验效果最佳;定量探讨了Weibull分布与其他分布模型在台风降水强度-概率分布上的定量差异及采用不同分布模型可能造成的台风降水概率分布不确定性.     

综合集成方法在农业生产结构优化中的应用

给出了钱学森综合集成方法在县级农业生产结构优化中一个成功的应用案例,利用钱学森关于农业系统工程以及对复杂巨系统综合集成的思想、理论和方法,对长清县大农业系统(包括种植业、畜牧业、林业、水产业和加工业等)生产结构优化问题进行了研究.通过定性定量相结合的综合集成、模型体系的综合集成、人机系统的综合集成,求得了在各种气象条件下的最优生产结构,对结构进行了稳定性和灵敏度分析.实施结果取得显著经济效益、社会效益和生态效益.     

大庆外围油田压裂水平井参数优选及渗流特征

 压裂水平井已成为开采特低渗透油藏的重要手段.为深入了解压裂参数及渗流规律对水平井开发效果的影响,针对大庆外围某特低渗透油藏水平井开发的实例,应用特低渗透非线性渗流理论,建立了考虑非线性渗流的数学模型,给出已钻水平井的最优压裂参数,研究了不同渗流规律下压裂水平井的渗流特征.结果表明,在水平井水平段长度、压裂缝长一定的条件下,裂缝条数和裂缝间距对开发效果的影响显著;裂缝条数越少,裂缝间距对水平井产能影响越大;裂缝条数大于3条,裂缝间距的影响减小;对比了达西渗流规律和考虑启动压力梯度的非线性渗流规律下压裂水平井的渗流特征,非线性渗流模型计算的水平井产油量较低,见水后含水上升速度较快,剩余油饱和度较高;非线性渗流模型中注水井井筒附近和主流线附近的压力等值线密集,能量消耗大,压力梯度高,水平井井筒附近压力梯度较大,但低于直井;非线性渗流模型的地层渗透率与压力梯度呈正比关系.     

坳陷湖盆湖泛层沉积特征及其石油地质意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学理论,综合利用露头、岩心、测井等资料,在延长组内识别出了6层三级层序级别的湖泛层(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ),研究了其沉积相类型、沉积厚度及其平面展布等沉积特征,从发育层位、露头、岩电响应等方面建立了其识别标志.研究结果表明,湖泛层主要具有4方面的石油地质意义:①湖泛层具有在测井和地震资料上易识别和对比的特征,可作为湖盆层序地层划分和对比的辅助标志层,对湖盆层序地层研究具有一定辅助作用;②利用湖泛泥岩类型及其厚度平面展布特征,反映不同时期湖水分布和演化规律;③借助湖泛层厚度沉积中心的分布和迁移,研究湖盆沉积洼陷的分布和迁移规律,对认识整个湖盆的演化具有重要意义;④湖泛层作为油藏的主要烃源岩和盖层,其时空分布特征控制着油藏组合类型和成藏规律.     

测井新技术在包-界地区须家河组储层评价中的应用

包-界地区须家河组储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,储层横向变化大,非均质性强.受构造幅度及岩性和物性限制气水分异程度差,储层识别存在较大困难,常规的测井资料很难解决这一难题.阵列感应电阻率、阵列声波、核磁共振等测井新技术的应用为解决这一难题提供了很好的手段,研究认为.利用双侧向和阵列感应电阻率组合方法识别气层、气水同层和水层的效果最好.阵列声波纵、横波时差比可以定性指示储层的含气性,核磁共振测井识别储层的含气性也有一定效果.同时井壁微电阻率扫描成像测井技术为研究包-界地区地层的沉积结构和构造特征发挥了重要的作用.通过对几个实例的阐述,证实了测井新技术在包-界地区须家河储层的流体识别和沉积构造特征描述中的应用是成功的.     

Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and composition of surface runoff in the headwaters of the Heihe River basin

We investigated the moisture origin and contribution of different water sources to surface runoff entering the headwaters of the Heihe River basin on the basis of NECP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) re-analysis data and variations in the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios(δ D and δ 18O) of precipitation,spring,river,and melt water. The similar seasonality in precipitation δ 18O at different sites reveals the same moisture origin for water ...     

Illusory perceptions of space and time preserve cross-saccadic perceptual continuity.

When voluntary saccadic eye movements are made to a silently ticking clock, observers sometimes think that the second hand takes longer than normal to move to its next position. For a short period, the clock appears to have stopped (chronostasis). Here we show that the illusion occurs because the brain extends the percept of the saccadic target backwards in time to just before the onset of the saccade. This occurs every time we move the eyes but it is only perceived when an external time reference alerts us to the phenomenon. The illusion does not seem to depend on the shift of spatial attention that accompanies the saccade. However, if the target is moved unpredictably during the saccade, breaking perception of the target's spatial continuity, then the illusion disappears. We suggest that temporal extension of the target's percept is one of the mechanisms that 'fill in' the perceptual 'gap' during saccadic suppression. The effect is critically linked to perceptual mechanisms that identify a target's spatial stability.     

Induced temperature-dependent DNA degradation by C_(60) without photoactivation

This study shows that C₆₀ can degrade pBR322 plasmid DNA at room temperature without photoactivation. The degradation was enhanced by increasing incubation temperature, reaction time or C₆₀ concentration. We also found that superoxide radical anions （O 2 · ） were formed in the C₆₀ solution. Superoxide dismutase significantly inhibited DNA cleavage and O 2 · generation induced by C₆₀ . These results suggest that DNA cleavage was caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by C₆₀ at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the DNA degradation was significantly inhibited by acid amide chemicals such as formamide, and by increased ionic strength of the reaction solution. These results indicate that the DNA conformation stability and the surface properties of C₆₀ are important factors regulating DNA degradation. We propose that C₆₀ can bind DNA, decrease DNA conformation stability, and induce the formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA cleavage at room temperature. Our results provide a possible explanation for the genotoxicity of C₆₀ , which should be considered in future use of this particular nano-material.