δ~(13)C and water-use efficiency indicated by δ~(13)C of different plant functional groups on Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

Leaf δ13C of different plant functional groups (trees, shrubs and forbs; evergreen and deciduous; annual, biennial and perennial) were examined on the Changbai Mountains, China. Life form has a significant influence on plant δ13C, suggesting that leaf δ13C is also ideal for distinguishing functional groups species in temperate and frigid zones with high humidity. Additionally, the difference of water-use efficiency (WUE) is significant among different plant functional groups. δ13C and WUE are in the followi...     

δ~(13)C difference between plants and soil organic matter along the eastern slope of Mount Gongga

Carbon isotope ratios (δ 13C) of plants, litter and soil organic matter (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm) on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga were measured. The results show that δ 13C values of plants, litter and soil organic matter all decrease first and then increase with altitude, i.e. δ 13C values gradually decrease from 1200 to 2100 m a.s.l., and increase from 2100 to 4500 m a.s.l. The δ 13C altitudinal variations are related to the distribution of C3 and C4 plants on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga, ...     

不同温度的水对海洋平台声发射传播特性的影响

针对海洋平台水下钢结构无损检测的需要,研究在空气和不同温度的水作为耦合介质的情况下,声发射波在钢结构传播过程中幅值和能量的变化趋势,以及声发射波幅值和能量损失的原因。基于声发射波反射原理,分析了声发射波在钢结构中传播的多径效应及波形转换特性,并解释了时域波形发生分离的原因。实验结果表明：水为耦合介质时声发射波幅值和能量损失较大;水温对声发射波幅值和能量几乎没有影响。     

δ^13C and water-use efficiency indicated by δ^13C of different plant functional groups on Changbai Mountains,Northeast China

Leaf δ^13C of different plant functional groups （trees, shrubs and forbs; evergreen and deciduous; annual, biennial and perennial） were examined on the Changbai Mountains, China. Life form has a significant influence on plant δ^13C, suggesting that leaf δ^13C is also ideal for distinguishing functional groups species in temperate and frigid zones with high humidity. Additionally, the difference of water-use efficiency （WUE） is significant among different plant functional groups. δ^13C and WUE are in the following order of forbs 〈 shrubs 〈 trees. Within shrubs, δ^13C and WUE are higher for evergreen shrubs than deciduous shrubs. Differences in δ^13C and WUE are significant among different lifespan herbs, and δ^13C and WUE follow the order of annual herbs 〉 biennial herbs 〉 perennial herbs, not in accordance with the pattern obtained by previous studies in deserts, suggesting that the ranking of δ^13C and WUE among annual, biennial and perennial herbs may be dependent on local water availability.     

δ13C difference between plants and soil organic matter along the eastern slope of Mount Gongga

Carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of plants, litter and soil organic matter (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm) on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga were measured. The results show that δ¹³C values of plants, litter and soil organic matter all decrease first and then increase with altitude, i.e δ¹³C values gradually decrease from 1200 to 2100 m a.s.l., and increase from 2100 to 4500 m a.s.l. The δ¹³C altitudinal variations are related to the distribution of C₃ and C₄ plants on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga, because C₄ plants are observed to grow only below 2100 m, while C3 plants occur at all altitudes. There are significantly positive correla-tions among δ¹³C of vegetation, δ¹³C of litter and δ¹³C of soil organic matter, and litter, 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil or-ganic matter are 0.56‰, 2.87‰, 3.04‰ and 3.49‰ greater in δ¹³C than vegetation, respectively. Considering the influences of rising concentration of atmospheric CO₂ and decreasing δ¹³C of atmospheric CO₂ since the industry revolution on δ¹³C of plants, 1.57‰ is proposed to be the smallest correction value for reconstruction of paleovegetation using δ¹³C of soil organic matter.     

基于改进希尔伯特-黄的泵阀故障诊断新方法

将改进的希尔伯特黄应用到泵阀的故障检测,通过对现场采集数据的分析,提出了一种新的识别故障泵阀的简易诊断方式。首先对6个泵阀信号都作EMD分解,用IMF分量数鉴别故障泵阀,故障泵阀含有IMF数量最多,然后再做出每个泵阀信号希尔伯特能量谱,通过故障泵阀具有高能量来进一步证实。结果表明了该方法能够准确有效的判断出故障泵阀。因此相对于可靠性低并对工作人员身体有害的传统方法而言该方法具有可靠性高,对工作人员无害等优点。     

并联离心压缩机组运行方案的节能研究

为了实现天然气压气站并联运行的两台离心压缩机在工况条件变化时能够达到最佳运行状况,重点研究了如何速选取合理的机组运行方案。在分析了压缩机能耗与流量分配比例的关系,推导出输气能耗的理论计算公式,比较了两台均不回流、单台回流和两台回流等3种不同方案下能耗的基础上,得到更合理可行的方案,并通过实验验证;结合压缩机的防喘振控制和输气能耗,制定了方案选取的范围,为压气站的相关调节方法提供参考。     

几种抗氧化剂对脂质过氧化的抑制作用

以大鼠肝微粒体为材料检测了几种常用抗氧化剂对由Fe^2＋／Vc启动的脂质过氧化的抑制作用．各化合物的抗氧化作用都呈浓度依赖关系．以半抑制浓度表示其抗氧化作用．结果表明，抗氧化作用由强到弱的次序为槲皮素〉BHT〉Trolox〉芦丁〉焦性没食子酸〉硫脲〉亚硒酸钠〉Vc〉甘露醇．     

Molecular characterization of GmNHX2, a Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog from soybean,and its heterolosous expression to improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

Na＋/H＋ antiporters have been well documented to enhance plant salt tolerance by regulating cellular ion homeostasis. Here, a putative Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog GmNHX2 from soybean was cloned and predicted to encode a protein of 534 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane domains. GmNHX2 was expressed in all soybean plant tissues but enriched in roots and its expression was induced by NaCI and polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatments. GmNHX2 exhibits greater sequence similarity with LeNHX2 and AtNHX6 than that of AtNHX1 and AtSOS1. Although phylogenetic analysis clustered GmNHX2 with organellar （tonoplast and vesicles） antiporters, the GmNHX2-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） fusion protein was possibly localized in the plasma membrane or organelle membrane of transgenic plant cells, Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GmNHX2 were more tolerant to high NaCl concentrations during germination and seedling stages when compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that GmNHX2 is a membrane Na＋/H＋ antiporter and may function to regulate ion homeostasis under salt stress.