考虑心理因素和饱和治疗的H7N9禽流感动力学模型分析

研究了一种带治疗的病媒传播疾病的流行模型.得到了模型的基本再生数R_0,模型的平衡点和阈值由R_0确定.利用Bendixson-Dulac定理,证明了当R_01时,该模型的唯一正平衡点是全局稳定的.该结果可以帮助探索控制媒介传染病传播的方法.最后对模型进行了数值模拟,验证了该结论.     

WNT7b mediates macrophage-induced programmed cell death in patterning of the vasculature

Macrophages have a critical role in inflammatory and immune responses through their ability to recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. Here we show that macrophages initiate a cell-death programme in target cells by activating the canonical WNT pathway. We show in mice that macrophage WNT7b is a short-range paracrine signal required for WNT-pathway responses and programmed cell death in the vascular endothelial cells of the temporary hyaloid vessels of the developing eye. These findings indicate that macrophages can use WNT ligands to influence cell-fate decisions--including cell death--in adjacent cells, and raise the possibility that they do so in many different cellular contexts.     

Chemical investigation of the seeds ofAlbizzia procera benth

Zusammenfassung Aus dem Samen vonAlbizzia procera Benth wurden ausser Machaerinsäure 4 triterpenoide Sapogenine isoliert (Verbindung A und B, Proceragenin A und B). Es wurde bewiesen, dass die Verbindung A das 28 21-Lacton der Machaerinsäure mit einer Konformationsänderung am Ring D oder E ist, während die Verbindung B als Äthylmachaerinat identifiziert wurde. Bei Proceragenin A und B handelt es sich um Dihydroylactone.

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A part of the work was carried out at the Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta-9, India, and was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. — The authors desire to express their sincere thanks to Dr.A. K. Barua, Reader in Chemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta and to the Rev. Dr.H. Santapau, Director, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta for their keen interest and encouragement.     

Regulation of angiogenesis by a non-canonical Wnt-Flt1 pathway in myeloid cells

Myeloid cells are a feature of most tissues. Here we show that during development, retinal myeloid cells (RMCs) produce Wnt ligands to regulate blood vessel branching. In the mouse retina, where angiogenesis occurs postnatally, somatic deletion in RMCs of the Wnt ligand transporter Wntless results in increased angiogenesis in the deeper layers. We also show that mutation of Wnt5a and Wnt11 results in increased angiogenesis and that these ligands elicit RMC responses via a non-canonical Wnt pathway. Using cultured myeloid-like cells and RMC somatic deletion of Flt1, we show that an effector of Wnt-dependent suppression of angiogenesis by RMCs is Flt1, a naturally occurring inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These findings indicate that resident myeloid cells can use a non-canonical, Wnt-Flt1 pathway to suppress angiogenic branching.     

Nonmonotonic logics and algebras

Several nonmonotonic logic systems together with their algebraic semantics are discussed. NMalgebra is defined. An elegant construction of an NMalgebra starting from a Boolean algebra is described which gives rise to a few interesting algebraic issues.