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Sexual reproduction in many angiosperm plants involves self-incompatibility (SI), which is one of the most important mechanisms to prevent inbreeding. SI is genetically controlled by the S-locus, and involves highly specific interactions during pollination between pollen and the pistil on which it lands. This results in the rejection of incompatible ('self') pollen, whereas compatible ('non-self') pollen is allowed to fertilize the plant. In Papaver rhoeas, S-proteins encoded by the stigma component of the S-locus interact with incompatible pollen, triggering a Ca2+-dependent signalling network, resulting in the inhibition of pollen-tube growth. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a mechanism used by many organisms to destroy unwanted cells in a precisely regulated manner. Here we show that PCD is triggered by SI in an S-specific manner in incompatible pollen. This provides a demonstration of a SI system using PCD, revealing a novel mechanism to prevent self-fertilization. Furthermore, our data reveal that the response is biphasic; rapid inhibition of pollen-tube growth is followed by PCD, which is involved in a later 'decision-making' phase, making inhibition irreversible. 相似文献
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Self-incompatibility in Papaver targets soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases in pollen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
de Graaf BH Rudd JJ Wheeler MJ Perry RM Bell EM Osman K Franklin FC Franklin-Tong VE 《Nature》2006,444(7118):490-493
In higher plants, sexual reproduction involves interactions between pollen and pistil. A key mechanism to prevent inbreeding is self-incompatibility through rejection of incompatible ('self') pollen. In Papaver rhoeas, S proteins encoded by the stigma interact with incompatible pollen, triggering a Ca2+-dependent signalling network resulting in pollen tube inhibition and programmed cell death. The cytosolic phosphoprotein p26.1, which has been identified in incompatible pollen, shows rapid, self-incompatibility-induced Ca2+-dependent hyperphosphorylation in vivo. Here we show that p26.1 comprises two proteins, Pr-p26.1a and Pr-p26.1b, which are soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPases). These proteins have classic Mg2+-dependent sPPase activity, which is inhibited by Ca2+, and unexpectedly can be phosphorylated in vitro. We show that phosphorylation inhibits sPPase activity, establishing a previously unknown mechanism for regulating eukaryotic sPPases. Reduced sPPase activity is predicted to result in the inhibition of many biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that there may be additional mechanisms of self-incompatibility-mediated pollen tube inhibition. We provide evidence that sPPases are required for growth and that self-incompatibility results in an increase in inorganic pyrophosphate, implying a functional role for Pr-p26.1. 相似文献
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Calcium signaling in plants 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Changes in the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) play a key second messenger role in signal transduction. These changes are visualized by making use of either Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dyes or the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein, aequorin. Here we describe the advances made over the last 10 years or so, which have conclusively
demonstrated a second messenger role for [Ca2+]i in a few model plant systems. Characteristic changes in [Ca2+]i have been seen to precede the responses of plant cells and whole plants to physiological stimuli. This has had a major impact
on our understanding of cell signaling in plants. The next challenge will be to establish how the Ca2+ signals are encrypted and decoded in order to provide specificity, and we discuss the current understanding of how this may
be achieved. 相似文献
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