14-3-3sigma controls mitotic translation to facilitate cytokinesis

14-3-3 proteins are crucial in a wide variety of cellular responses including cell cycle progression, DNA damage checkpoints and apoptosis. One particular 14-3-3 isoform, sigma, is a p53-responsive gene, the function of which is frequently lost in human tumours, including breast and prostate cancers as a result of either hypermethylation of the 14-3-3sigma promoter or induction of an oestrogen-responsive ubiquitin ligase that specifically targets 14-3-3sigma for proteasomal degradation. Loss of 14-3-3sigma protein occurs not only within the tumours themselves but also in the surrounding pre-dysplastic tissue (so-called field cancerization), indicating that 14-3-3sigma might have an important tumour suppressor function that becomes lost early in the process of tumour evolution. The molecular basis for the tumour suppressor function of 14-3-3sigma is unknown. Here we report a previously unknown function for 14-3-3sigma as a regulator of mitotic translation through its direct mitosis-specific binding to a variety of translation/initiation factors, including eukaryotic initiation factor 4B in a stoichiometric manner. Cells lacking 14-3-3sigma, in marked contrast to normal cells, cannot suppress cap-dependent translation and do not stimulate cap-independent translation during and immediately after mitosis. This defective switch in the mechanism of translation results in reduced mitotic-specific expression of the endogenous internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent form of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk11 (p58 PITSLRE), leading to impaired cytokinesis, loss of Polo-like kinase-1 at the midbody, and the accumulation of binucleate cells. The aberrant mitotic phenotype of 14-3-3sigma-depleted cells can be rescued by forced expression of p58 PITSLRE or by extinguishing cap-dependent translation and increasing cap-independent translation during mitosis by using rapamycin. Our findings show how aberrant mitotic translation in the absence of 14-3-3sigma impairs mitotic exit to generate binucleate cells and provides a potential explanation of how 14-3-3sigma-deficient cells may progress on the path to aneuploidy and tumorigenesis.     

苏南丘陵杉木萌芽更新的效果分析

杉木萌芽更新适于短轮伐作业，在实践中对其利弊尚存在争议，本文根据在苏南丘陵地区的长期试验，对萌芽林与实生林的生长、树干圆满度，树干基部弯曲根系分布与重量和更新费用作了分析比较，得出萌芽林无论在生长和干形上均不比实生林逊色，而投资却仅占实生林1/3，具有投资少，更新可靠，经济效益好的特点，文内还比较了伐桩萌条存留株数对高生长的影响，在去萌定株时以保留两株萌条者高生长最佳。     

Distributed Dynamic Navigation for Sensor Networks

Navigation with sensor networks has shown many advantages and great potential in many scenarios.Previous works have mainly focused on selecting the shortest path to navigate an internal user out of an emergency field.However,they did not consider variations of the dangerous areas which usually occur in practical applications.This paper presents an efficient dynamic routing algorithm to successfully guide users to the destination exit.The navigation goal is looking for a safe and short path to enable the user to escape from a dangerous area as fast as possible.Without knowing the locations of the nodes,the user is guided by a sequence of sensor nodes to pass through the dangerous areas.The algorithm ensures the navigation path security by predicting the dynamic changes affecting the navigation path.The performance of this approach is evaluated using extensive simulations to validate its effectiveness.Simulations show that the approach is scalable and performs well in various settings.     

河南省连康山自然保护区木本植物的研究

连康山自然保护区位于大别山北坡。这里地形复杂,水热资源丰富,次生森林植被发育良好,有木本植物78科,195属,437种及变种,是研究亚热带向暖温带过渡地带植物区系和森林生态系统的理想场所。根据野外调查、采集和鉴定、整理的结果,本文分析研究了本区的木本植物区系,木本植物资源,主要森林植被类型以及珍稀濒危树种,并提出了关于保护,引种栽培、发展和开发利用资源植物的建议,以增强保护区的活力,适应社会主义市场经济体制建设的需要。     

广西龙桥森林生态效益的研究

1982～1992年,对广西龙桥林区不同森林类型及空旷地的主要气象水文要素及凋落物进行了定位对比观测研究。揭示了该区不同森林类型调节气侯、涵养水源、保持水土及凋落物营养元素归还等生态效应。为该区的森林经营、效益评估及环境保护提供了依据和建议。     

抚顺市区及环城林带气挟菌分布的研究

本文研究了抚顺市区及环城林带不同环境位置大气微生物分布情况。实验结果显示：市区大气中细菌浓度明显高于环城林带地区；在环城林带地区，林带外大气中的细菌浓度也明显高于林带内。霉菌的分布规律基本与细菌相同。放线菌在市区与环城带地区分布的差别不大。环城林带地区空气清洁，而市区空气污染严重，尤其是繁忙的交通路口和繁华的商业区受气挟菌污染尤为严重。     

Biodiversity and biogeography of phages in modern stromatolites and thrombolites

Viruses, and more particularly phages (viruses that infect bacteria), represent one of the most abundant living entities in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The biogeography of phages has only recently been investigated and so far reveals a cosmopolitan distribution of phage genetic material (or genotypes). Here we address this cosmopolitan distribution through the analysis of phage communities in modern microbialites, the living representatives of one of the most ancient life forms on Earth. On the basis of a comparative metagenomic analysis of viral communities associated with marine (Highborne Cay, Bahamas) and freshwater (Pozas Azules II and Rio Mesquites, Mexico) microbialites, we show that some phage genotypes are geographically restricted. The high percentage of unknown sequences recovered from the three metagenomes (>97%), the low percentage similarities with sequences from other environmental viral (n = 42) and microbial (n = 36) metagenomes, and the absence of viral genotypes shared among microbialites indicate that viruses are genetically unique in these environments. Identifiable sequences in the Highborne Cay metagenome were dominated by single-stranded DNA microphages that were not detected in any other samples examined, including sea water, fresh water, sediment, terrestrial, extreme, metazoan-associated and marine microbial mats. Finally, a marine signature was present in the phage community of the Pozas Azules II microbialites, even though this environment has not been in contact with the ocean for tens of millions of years. Taken together, these results prove that viruses in modern microbialites display biogeographical variability and suggest that they may be derived from an ancient community.     

我国群众体育政策执行过程的非线性表象与特征

群众体育是一个复杂的系统,在群众体育政策执行过程中除了常见的线性因果联系外,还存在大量用常规经验和理性推导所难以解释的非线性现象。在此,作者分别从滞后特征、临界慢化特征、共振特征和多值响应特征等四个方面对群众体育政策执行进行了非线性解读,旨在为我国群众体育政策的有效执行提供一定的理论参考,进一步推进我国群众体育的快速发展。