某类重特大火灾数值模拟研究

某酒吧火灾、深圳舞王俱乐部火灾和福建长乐拉丁酒吧火灾的发生场所和火灾原因类似,且短时间就造成大量人员伤亡,研究这类火灾防控措施有较好的意义。本文利用FDS软件构造某酒吧的火灾模型,合理分析场所的人员情况设定疏散模拟参数,根据火场情况设定合适的火灾场景,分析热辐射、烟气温度、烟气毒性、烟气能见度等参数的变化过程,并得到可用疏散时间。结合CFE软件进行人员疏散过程模拟,模拟的预期火灾人员伤亡与实际情况较好相符;并对不同的可燃物类型、消防设施状况和待疏散人数进行火灾后果分析,可燃物分析结果说明装修用聚氨酯泡沫吸音棉是造成火灾极速蔓延的直接原因,这类材料产生大量的有毒浓烟,很快就造成人员伤亡;不同消防设施模拟分析的结果体现了自动消防设施的重要作用,公共娱乐场所的自动喷水灭火系统应推广快速响应喷头,未按国家标准安装自动消防设施是造成重大火灾人员伤亡的成灾原因;对酒吧不同待疏散人数的火灾预期伤亡数定量分析证明了公共娱乐场所定员管理的重要意义;模拟分析的结果可用于此类火灾成因分析和火灾防控措施研究。     

谈化工企业防火及两种方法在化工企业火灾调查中的应用

化工企业原材料产品是易燃易爆物品,生产工艺复杂,火灾危险性较大,一直都是消防监督工作重点.本文论述了化工企业生产中存在的火灾危险性、预防措施和火灾调查的方法.     

A nuclear Argonaute promotes multigenerational epigenetic inheritance and germline immortality

Epigenetic information is frequently erased near the start of each new generation. In some cases, however, epigenetic information can be transmitted from parent to progeny (multigenerational epigenetic inheritance). A particularly notable example of this type of epigenetic inheritance is double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans. This RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) can be inherited for more than five generations. To understand this process, here we conduct a genetic screen for nematodes defective in transmitting RNAi silencing signals to future generations. This screen identified the heritable RNAi defective 1 (hrde-1) gene. hrde-1 encodes an Argonaute protein that associates with small interfering RNAs in the germ cells of progeny of animals exposed to double-stranded RNA. In the nuclei of these germ cells, HRDE-1 engages the nuclear RNAi defective pathway to direct the trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys?9 (H3K9me3) at RNAi-targeted genomic loci and promote RNAi inheritance. Under normal growth conditions, HRDE-1 associates with endogenously expressed short interfering RNAs, which direct nuclear gene silencing in germ cells. In hrde-1- or nuclear RNAi-deficient animals, germline silencing is lost over generational time. Concurrently, these animals exhibit steadily worsening defects in gamete formation and function that ultimately lead to sterility. These results establish that the Argonaute protein HRDE-1 directs gene-silencing events in germ-cell nuclei that drive multigenerational RNAi inheritance and promote immortality of the germ-cell lineage. We propose that C. elegans use the RNAi inheritance machinery to transmit epigenetic information, accrued by past generations, into future generations to regulate important biological processes.     

汽车4S店火灾危险性及防控措施

随着我国经济、社会的迅猛发展,汽车4S店在全国各地大量涌现。然而在实际运营中,不少汽车4S店存在着大量的消防隐患。经过实地调研,总结出目前汽车4S店存在的实际火灾危险性,对火灾隐患产生的原因进行认真客观的分析,并有针对性地提出解决对策。     

基于ZigBee的物联网森林防火系统设计

本文介绍了一种基于ZigBee技术的森林防火系统,采用ZigBee和GPRS无线通信传感网络、数据集中处理和单片机等技术,重点叙述ZigBee组网的设计方案,包括软件设计和硬件设计。系统实现了森林环境参数采集、传输、监测及管理等功能。     

Determinants of nucleosome organization in primary human cells

Nucleosomes are the basic packaging units of chromatin, modulating accessibility of regulatory proteins to DNA and thus influencing eukaryotic gene regulation. Elaborate chromatin remodelling mechanisms have evolved that govern nucleosome organization at promoters, regulatory elements, and other functional regions in the genome. Analyses of chromatin landscape have uncovered a variety of mechanisms, including DNA sequence preferences, that can influence nucleosome positions. To identify major determinants of nucleosome organization in the human genome, we used deep sequencing to map nucleosome positions in three primary human cell types and in vitro. A majority of the genome showed substantial flexibility of nucleosome positions, whereas a small fraction showed reproducibly positioned nucleosomes. Certain sites that position in vitro can anchor the formation of nucleosomal arrays that have cell type-specific spacing in vivo. Our results unveil an interplay of sequence-based nucleosome preferences and non-nucleosomal factors in determining nucleosome organization within mammalian cells.     

An Analytical Solution for Backscatter Tomography

We utilize the Novikov-Natterer algorithm for non-uniform attenuation to invert the backscatter projections formed by the scatter of X-rays.The backscatter signal is treated as an emitter in a non-uniformly attenuating medium.This type of tomography has applications in radiology and dentistry for which metals effectively block the transmission of X-rays.Scanning for metals also has applications in security/baggage screening.The results show that when the forward scattering angle is zero,the algorithm,with a...     

Amplification of siRNA in Caenorhabditis elegans generates a transgenerational sequence-targeted histone H3 lysine 9 methylation footprint

Exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been shown to exert homology-dependent effects at the level of both target mRNA stability and chromatin structure. Using C. elegans undergoing RNAi as an animal model, we have investigated the generality, scope and longevity of dsRNA-targeted chromatin effects and their dependence on components of the RNAi machinery. Using high-resolution genome-wide chromatin profiling, we found that a diverse set of genes can be induced to acquire locus-specific enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), with modification footprints extending several kilobases from the site of dsRNA homology and with locus specificity sufficient to distinguish the targeted locus from the other 20,000 genes in the C. elegans genome. Genetic analysis of the response indicated that factors responsible for secondary siRNA production during RNAi were required for effective targeting of chromatin. Temporal analysis revealed that H3K9me3, once triggered by dsRNA, can be maintained in the absence of dsRNA for at least two generations before being lost. These results implicate dsRNA-triggered chromatin modification in C. elegans as a programmable and locus-specific response defining a metastable state that can persist through generational boundaries.     

水成膜泡沫阻热性能模型

 水成膜泡沫(AFFF)灭火剂是扑灭大型舰船甲板油面火灾最有效的灭火剂.阻热作用是水成膜泡沫灭火剂的主要灭火机制之一,当AFFF在火灾表面形成薄膜层后,一方面由于铺展作用,外部不断地补充AFFF;另一方面,由于火灾的热辐射作用,AFFF内部不断发生消融.消融的存在使AFFF厚度变薄,其阻热能力也不断降低,当AFFF下方的燃油达到闪点时,由于AFFF内部存在空气,下方的燃油可能发生复燃.定量分析AFFF的阻热性能,研究热态环境下AFFF内部温度场的分布情况是研究AFFF灭火效能的重要组成部分,对于防止火灾复燃和消防决策有重要意义.本文在建立固态消融模型的基础上,结合AFFF的消融特点和假设条件,建立AFFF消融的稳态模型,并补充AFFF密度、消融速率和组分速率计算模型,通过仿真求解AFFF内部温度场的分布,并和实验进行对比,得到实验值高于仿真值,误差在10%以内.通过该模型的研究可以定量指导和计算单位面积油火需要的AFFF流量.     

闪光对焊机自动控制系统的研究

本文介绍了对焊机的生产工艺过程，并采用８０３１单片机对闪光电流控制，从而使闪光对焊工艺实现了自动化。