Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase after hepatic artery ligature

Zusammenfassung Bei Hunden verursacht die Ligatur der Arteria hepatica einen starken Anstieg der Serum-Glutaminsäure-Oxalessigsäure-Transaminase-Werte mit Maxima am dritten oder vierten Tag. Der Anstieg wird auf die bioptisch feststellbare Nekrose von Leberzellen zurückgeführt, die mit und ohne Verabreichung von Achromycin gleich stark ausgeprägt war.Die Wirkungsweise des Achromycins wird diskutiert und auf Parallelergebnisse an Patienten hingewiesen.     

Zur reproduzierbarkeit der Rf in der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie

Summary Conditions are discussed which influence Rf¹ on thinlayer chromatograms, and directions are given to guarantee good reproducibility. Variance of Rf on thinlayer chromatograms is of the same order of magnitude as on paper chromatograms.

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Der Ausdruck Rf-Wert ist bei häufiger Wiederholung umständlich. Wir gebrauchen an seiner Stelle: das Rf (Singular), die Rf (Plural).

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Die Mittel zur Durchführung dieser Arbeit verdanken wir Arbeitsbeschaffungskrediten des Bundes (M.B.) sowie einer Studienbeihilfe vom Land Baden-Württemberg (A.N.).     

Structure of the DNA deaminase domain of the HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G

The human APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B messenger-RNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G) protein is a single-strand DNA deaminase that inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), other retroviruses and retrotransposons. APOBEC3G anti-viral activity is circumvented by most retroelements, such as through degradation by HIV-1 Vif. APOBEC3G is a member of a family of polynucleotide cytosine deaminases, several of which also target distinct physiological substrates. For instance, APOBEC1 edits APOB mRNA and AID deaminates antibody gene DNA. Although structures of other family members exist, none of these proteins has elicited polynucleotide cytosine deaminase or anti-viral activity. Here we report a solution structure of the human APOBEC3G catalytic domain. Five alpha-helices, including two that form the zinc-coordinating active site, are arranged over a hydrophobic platform consisting of five beta-strands. NMR DNA titration experiments, computational modelling, phylogenetic conservation and Escherichia coli-based activity assays combine to suggest a DNA-binding model in which a brim of positively charged residues positions the target cytosine for catalysis. The structure of the APOBEC3G catalytic domain will help us to understand functions of other family members and interactions that occur with pathogenic proteins such as HIV-1 Vif.     

Dünnschichtchromatographischer Nachweis der Aminosäuren im Urin

Summary Urinary amino acids are converted into DNP-derivatives. Extraction by organic solvents yields both ether- and acid-soluble DNP-derivatives in a form suitable for separation and identification by thin-layer chromatography. Solvent systems and techniques for the detection of 35 urinary constituents are described. The method is applicable to the qualitative analysis of other biological fluids.     

Label-free immunodetection with CMOS-compatible semiconducting nanowires

Semiconducting nanowires have the potential to function as highly sensitive and selective sensors for the label-free detection of low concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms. Successful solution-phase nanowire sensing has been demonstrated for ions, small molecules, proteins, DNA and viruses; however, 'bottom-up' nanowires (or similarly configured carbon nanotubes) used for these demonstrations require hybrid fabrication schemes, which result in severe integration issues that have hindered widespread application. Alternative 'top-down' fabrication methods of nanowire-like devices produce disappointing performance because of process-induced material and device degradation. Here we report an approach that uses complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field effect transistor compatible technology and hence demonstrate the specific label-free detection of below 100 femtomolar concentrations of antibodies as well as real-time monitoring of the cellular immune response. This approach eliminates the need for hybrid methods and enables system-scale integration of these sensors with signal processing and information systems. Additionally, the ability to monitor antibody binding and sense the cellular immune response in real time with readily available technology should facilitate widespread diagnostic applications.