重建个人所有制的技术进步路径——马克思生产函数理论导引

本文以马克思经济学的基本范畴--不变资本与可变资本--构造马克思生产函数,整合古典劳动分工思想与新古典分析技术,将技术进步(m,索洛余值)内生化,具体表征为人均工资变化率(w),企业数量增长率f,与企业资本周转增速(n)的线性组合:m=f+β(n)+(1-β)(w),β为不变资本产出弹性;模型经美国NBER制造业统计数据检验.进一步的分析阐释了:经由劳动分工技术进步,政府鼓励自主创新与兴办企业,是重建个人所有制,达到个体与政府利益和谐之纳什均衡,保证按劳分配就业充分、实现富国裕民之社会主义理想的有效途径.     

Peat depth of Sierra Nevada fens, and profile changes from 1958 to 1972 in Mason Fen

Peat cores along transects of seven minerotrophic peatlands (fens) in the Sagehen Creek basin were made in 1972. The areas were all shallow, sloping peatlands from 67 to 206 cm in maximum depth. Cores from one fen contained layers of charcoal and clay that suggested fire followed by fen regeneration. Profiles from Mason Fen suggested that the peat mass was moving downslope, creating splits and ridges with surface pools at right angles to the slope. Comparison of a profile made in 1958 with 1972 showed further evidence of downslope mass movement and expansion of the surface area.     

粉煤灰掺量对混凝土变形性能影响的研究

针对掺入优质粉煤灰材料对混凝土变形性能和耐久性能的影响,设计了粉煤灰掺入质量分数分别为10％、20％、30％、40％的4种混凝土,利用WHY系列全自动应力试验机,研究了在最大压应力分别为40％fcy和80％fcy（fcy为抗压强度标准值）,加载速度为5kN／s,重复5次时的重复压应力作用下,混凝土的轴向变形性能,探讨了掺加粉煤灰对混凝土变形性能的影响．     

Species composition, emergence, and habitat preferences of Trichoptera of the Sagehen Creek Basin, California, USA

An extensive study of larvae and adult Trichoptera of the Sagehen Creek basin. Sierra Nevada, California, USA, revealed 77 species representing 14 families and 41 genera. Twenty-six species were restricted to small water bodies (spring sources, seeps, spring streams, temporary ponds, and intermittent streams); 27 were restricted to Sagehen Creek, a second-order stream, and the mouths of two large spring streams. Similarity between species caught at black lights and those in emergence traps was 43%. There were two major peaks in adult emergence by species, midsummer and late summer-fall. A few species emerged during winter or throughout most of the year. The species composition of the community showed affinity with Oregon, the Great Basin, and the Rocky Mountains but very little similarity with the California Coast Range. Four of the most abundant species in the basin have very restricted distributions. Ecological separation of several groups of closely related species could be explained by major differences in larval habitats or by different emergence periods.     

Hydrological features of a California coastal fen

A unique fen peatland, on the Califomia coast, depends on six streams for its supply of flowing, mineral - rich water. About 25 percent of the water is supplied by surface streams that had average concentrations of Ca ++ from 0.15 meq/1 to 0.32 meq/1 and of Mg ++ from 0.25 meq/1 to 0.47 meq/1. During the dry summer period oxygen concentration and pH were lower in the central area than in the ten margins. Water flow near the margins maintains high 0 2 , pH, and cation content. The fen ranges from 4 m to over 11 m in depth, but the thickest peat layer is made up of very liquid, unconsolidated peat. In one year, an estimated 19.3 metric tons of suspended sediment entered the 38.6 ha fen, which was equivalent to a 42 kg/ha loss from the total watershed.       

从索洛余值到置盐定理:利润率递增的马克思经济学诠释

本文基于《资本论》不变资本与可变资本概念,构建了马克思生产函数理论体系,得到马克恩生产函数、剩余价值生产函数、成本函数,以及利润率函数;从而对索洛余值的经济学内涵赋予了马克思主义观点的阐释,也即,斯密一杨格的分工理论可与置盐定理有机整合:技术进步源于劳动分工、又加剧劳动分工,技术进步率m可以表征为利润率增长p、工资率增速ω与资金周转率n关于分工系数（1-α,劳动产出弹性）的线性组合:m=αn+（1-α）w+[1-（1-α）（p¹+1）（-1）p,并推导出利润率（p’）的增长率（p）关于资本有机构成变化率（g）负相关的微分函数解析表达式:p=（y-w-ag）（p’+1）（p’+α）^-1（y,劳动生产率）。劳动生产率y的提高,将能抵消资本有机构成与工资率增长对利润率的负向作用,保证利润率增长。     

Thromboxane molecules do not adopt the prostaglandin hairpin conformation.

The hairpin conformational hypothesis has been proposed to rationalise much of the structure-activity and receptor-binding data which have accumulated for the prostaglandin (PG) hormones. The hairpin conformation, thought to be necessary for PG activity, requires that the alpha- and omega-chains of the molecule be extended and in parallel alignment, separated by a van der Waals contact distance for the full length of the chains, with the ends of the chains approximately 5.5 A apart. The similarity between the structures of the thromboxanes (TXs) and the PGs suggests that the profile of activity of TXs, like that of PGs, centres on subtle conformational variation of the hairpin geometry. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is a stable hydrolysis product of a highly reactive, short-lived intermediate, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which is formed from the prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) as indicated in Fig. 1. An examination of molecular models of TXA2 and TXB2 suggests that the structural differences between the ring moieties may have much less influence in altering the side-chain conformation of TXs than do substitutents on the relatively more flexible cyclopentane ring of a PG molecule. We report here the first diffraction analysis of a thromboxane structure and note that the molecular conformation is not hairpin shaped.