一种适合于网络专家系统的通用理论(英文)

描述运用于工业自动化的一种自适应自学习方法。基于此方法,Ａｐｔｒｏｎｉｘ公司开发出一套通用软件工具－ＳＴＩＭＴＭ,并应用于不同工业领域。ＳＴＩＭ可用于构造各类专家系统。基于因素空间理论,ＳＴＩＭ具有一系列独特之处,比如自动化、自学习,以及自翻译。如果与因特网,嵌入式控制器以及可编程逻辑控制器等结合使用,ＳＴＩＭ则成为一个十分有效的工具,可应用于远程连通与控制、模式识别、机器故障诊断,以及自动化加工过程中的传感器数据融合     

克拉2气田石油地质特征

克拉2气田位于库车拗陷克拉苏构造带中段, 是双重构造中呈串珠状分布的一系列褶皱中的一个局部构造. 含气层系以下白垩统巴什基奇克组砂岩为主, 其次为下第三系库姆格列木群白云岩段和砂砾岩段及下白垩统巴西盖组砂岩. 天然气中甲烷含量大于97%, 属于干气, 气源为侏罗系煤系地层. 克拉2号构造圈闭形成于西域期, 成藏期晚. 下第三系厚层膏盐区域盖层形成的良好封盖条件及其成藏期晚是克拉2大气田得以很好保存的根本原因. 克拉2气田的异常高压是由于西域期来自北部的强烈构造挤压作用而形成的.     

Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants

We have genotyped 14,436 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and 897 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tag SNPs from 1,000 independent cases of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and breast cancer (BC). Comparing these data against a common control dataset derived from 1,500 randomly selected healthy British individuals, we report initial association and independent replication in a North American sample of two new loci related to ankylosing spondylitis, ARTS1 and IL23R, and confirmation of the previously reported association of AITD with TSHR and FCRL3. These findings, enabled in part by increased statistical power resulting from the expansion of the control reference group to include individuals from the other disease groups, highlight notable new possibilities for autoimmune regulation and suggest that IL23R may be a common susceptibility factor for the major 'seronegative' diseases.     

SLC2A9 is a newly identified urate transporter influencing serum urate concentration, urate excretion and gout

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes, which have lost hepatic uricase activity, leading to uniquely high serum uric acid concentrations (200-500 microM) compared with other mammals (3-120 microM). About 70% of daily urate disposal occurs via the kidneys, and in 5-25% of the human population, impaired renal excretion leads to hyperuricemia. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout, an inflammatory arthritis that results from deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint. We have identified genetic variants within a transporter gene, SLC2A9, that explain 1.7-5.3% of the variance in serum uric acid concentrations, following a genome-wide association scan in a Croatian population sample. SLC2A9 variants were also associated with low fractional excretion of uric acid and/or gout in UK, Croatian and German population samples. SLC2A9 is a known fructose transporter, and we now show that it has strong uric acid transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.     

Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density

Intensive broiler (meat) chicken production now exceeds 800 million birds each year in the United Kingdom and 2 x 10(10) birds worldwide, but it attracts accusations of poor welfare. The European Union is currently adopting standards for broilers aimed at a chief welfare concern--namely, overcrowding--by limiting maximum 'stocking density' (bird weight per unit area). It is not clear, however, whether this will genuinely improve bird welfare because evidence is contradictory. Here we report on broiler welfare in relation to the European Union proposals through a large-scale study (2.7 million birds) with the unprecedented cooperation of ten major broiler producers in an experimental manipulation of stocking density under a range of commercial conditions. Producer companies stocked birds to five different final densities, but otherwise followed company practice, which we recorded in addition to temperature, humidity, litter and air quality. We assessed welfare through mortality, physiology, behaviour and health, with an emphasis on leg health and walking ability. Our results show that differences among producers in the environment that they provide for chickens have more impact on welfare than has stocking density itself.     

中华绒螯蟹首次排卵后卵巢发育的组织学研究

利用组织切片技术,结合外观特征,在光学水平对江苏南通地区第一次排卵后18天内（即卵巢的二次发育）的中华绒螯蟹的卵巢发育进行组织学和细胞学的观察研究．本实验可以观察到卵细胞发育的四个不同时期：初级卵母细胞小生长期、初级卵母细胞大生长期、成熟期以及退化时期的卵细胞．排卵后的卵巢在营养贫乏的情况下,出现直接退化现象;而在营养丰富的情况下,处于大生长前期的卵细胞则会迅速生长,为二次排卵做好准备．     

The influence of ridge migration on the magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges

The Earth's mid-ocean ridges display systematic changes in depth and shape, which subdivide the ridges into discrete spreading segments bounded by transform faults and smaller non-transform offsets of the axis. These morphological changes have been attributed to spatial variations in the supply of magma from the mantle, although the origin of the variations is poorly understood. Here we show that magmatic segmentation of ridges with fast and intermediate spreading rates is directly related to the migration velocity of the spreading axis over the mantle. For over 9,500 km of mid-ocean ridge examined, leading ridge segments in the 'hotspot' reference frame coincide with the shallow magmatically robust segments across 86 per cent of all transform faults and 73 per cent of all second-order discontinuities. We attribute this relationship to asymmetric mantle upwelling and melt production due to ridge migration, with focusing of melt towards ridge segments across discontinuities. The model is consistent with variations in crustal structure across discontinuities of the East Pacific Rise, and may explain variations in depth of melting and the distribution of enriched lavas.     

“名词”意义是否宽泛了点？

<中国科技术语>编辑部: 收到你们的<中国科技术语>第一期,非常感谢.读了这期文章,深感不仅是刊物名称的改动,也看到内容的拓宽与提高.