可动态维护的软件体系结构

将软件维护的方法和技术划分为方法级、源代码级和目标代码级等３个层次,并给出了可在目标代码级支持软件动态维护的软件的体系结构。     

逻辑功能与逻辑体制

对同一逻辑门电路，既可采用正逻辑体制，亦可采用负逻辑体制，还可采秀混和逻辑体制，选用何种逻辑体制，应视分析和设计逻辑电路的方便与否而定。     

Genome-wide genetic association of complex traits in heterogeneous stock mice

Difficulties in fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are a major impediment to progress in the molecular dissection of complex traits in mice. Here we show that genome-wide high-resolution mapping of multiple phenotypes can be achieved using a stock of genetically heterogeneous mice. We developed a conservative and robust bootstrap analysis to map 843 QTLs with an average 95% confidence interval of 2.8 Mb. The QTLs contribute to variation in 97 traits, including models of human disease (asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and anxiety) as well as immunological, biochemical and hematological phenotypes. The genetic architecture of almost all phenotypes was complex, with many loci each contributing a small proportion to the total variance. Our data set, freely available at http://gscan.well.ox.ac.uk, provides an entry point to the functional characterization of genes involved in many complex traits.     

质量控制图控制界限的优化研究

本文针对现行质量控制中以“3σ”作为控制图控制界限的方法,以X—R控制图为例,通过对控制图控制界限(K)与两类错误(α和β)发生的概率及其损失费用的分析,提出了最优控制界限的观点,建立了两类错误损失费用的数学模型,给出了主要研究过程和最优控制界限(K)的算式,并对其结果的一般性和优化性做了进一步的讨论和研究。最后,文章通过实例对其优化结果和“3σ”法的结果进行了比较和分析,以说明其优化性。     

装箱机械手及其控制系统的设计

本文介绍连杆式装箱机械手的结构原理,并根据装箱动作要求,对其主体机构进行了优化设计,优化后的机构不但能满足装箱轨迹的精度要求,还具有较好的传力性能。在控制系统中介绍了由单片机控制的双路快速伺服系统的原理和结构。阐述了快速定位的原理和控制规律,提出一种利用转速与偏差的比值进行开关控制和线性控制切换的双模控制方式。     

Animal behaviour: geomagnetic map used in sea-turtle navigation

Migratory animals capable of navigating to a specific destination, and of compensating for an artificial displacement into unfamiliar territory, are thought to have a compass for maintaining their direction of travel and a map sense that enables them to know their location relative to their destination. Compasses are based on environmental cues such as the stars, the Sun, skylight polarization and magnetism, but little is known about the sensory mechanism responsible for the map sense. Here we show that the green sea-turtle (Chelonia mydas) has a map that is at least partly based on geomagnetic cues.     

Insights into assembly from structural analysis of bacteriophage PRD1

The structure of the membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography at about 4 A resolution. Here we describe the structure and location of proteins P3, P16, P30 and P31. Different structural proteins seem to have specialist roles in controlling virus assembly. The linearly extended P30 appears to nucleate the formation of the icosahedral facets (composed of trimers of the major capsid protein, P3) and acts as a molecular tape-measure, defining the size of the virus and cementing the facets together. Pentamers of P31 form the vertex base, interlocking with subunits of P3 and interacting with the membrane protein P16. The architectural similarities with adenovirus and one of the largest known virus particles PBCV-1 support the notion that the mechanism of assembly of PRD1 is scaleable and applies across the major viral lineage formed by these viruses.