暴雨内涝下公交乘客的出行选择行为

基于暴雨内涝天气对公交线路运行影响强弱的三种情形,通过实际调查(RP)和意向调查(SP)的调查结果进行效用模型估计和决策变量的敏感性分析,解析暴雨内涝下公交乘客的出行选择行为机理,得到公交乘客出行选择行为的影响因素(由强至弱)是步行时间、票价、车内时间和车内拥挤程度,以及所选出行方式的主要特点(由强至弱)是零换乘、低票价、中途易更改出行意愿和运行稳定.最后根据上述结果,从调度指挥、对信息服务、交管保障三个方面进行了暴雨内涝天气下公交应急预案的探讨.     

Structures of complement component C3 provide insights into the function and evolution of immunity

The mammalian complement system is a phylogenetically ancient cascade system that has a major role in innate and adaptive immunity. Activation of component C3 (1,641 residues) is central to the three complement pathways and results in inflammation and elimination of self and non-self targets. Here we present crystal structures of native C3 and its final major proteolytic fragment C3c. The structures reveal thirteen domains, nine of which were unpredicted, and suggest that the proteins of the alpha2-macroglobulin family evolved from a core of eight homologous domains. A double mechanism prevents hydrolysis of the thioester group, essential for covalent attachment of activated C3 to target surfaces. Marked conformational changes in the alpha-chain, including movement of a critical interaction site through a ring formed by the domains of the beta-chain, indicate an unprecedented, conformation-dependent mechanism of activation, regulation and biological function of C3.     

低碳锰钢中周期性带状组织

用扫描电镜和电子探针研究了低碳锰钢中的周期性带状组织，结果表明，在全部研究用钢中，钢锭经热轧后均出现这种组织，其严重程度随钢的成分而异，并随坯带加工顺序而增加，带状组织与锰的显微偏析等因素有关，适当的调整碳锰以及形成模跨铁素体带的转变产物可降低带状组织的严重程度。