基于信息熵的单元化制造系统状态度量

摘要： 将描述单元化制造系统状态所需信息量分为结构熵和运行熵2种形式并予以定义;在信息熵理论基础上,构建了单元化制造系统的结构熵与运行熵函数,并对制造资源的状态认定进行说明;根据调度理论,分别建立最大可能调度时限和调度符合度模型.以实施单元化制造的某加工车间为背景,依据其在不同状态下制造资源的状态信息,实证分析并绘制了系统状态随调度变化的示意图,利用所建熵函数及调度模型对系统状态进行度量,以验证所提出方法的科学性与有效性.结果表明,通过所构建的信息熵模型,可实现对单元化制造系统状态的度量与监控,并为提高系统的运行效率提供有效途径.     

静电纺定向排列纳米纤维阵列的研究

借助静电纺工艺,可以获得定向排列纤维,这些纤维具有细胞培养的培养基、组织工程支架、补强材料以及电子材料等较多的潜在用途.利用一种简单的接收装置同时获得了8组定向排列的静电纺纳米纤维阵列,这种接收装置是由8根交于中心的不锈钢棒组成.通过光学显微镜以及电镜观察可以发现,沿单轴定向排列的亚微米纤维横跨于两根临近不锈钢棒中间,整体外观与蜘蛛网相似.研究了电压和接收时间对纤维定向排列的影响,结果发现,随着电压的增加,定向排列的纤维长度会增加,而且,随着收集时间的增加,定向排列纤维产量和纤维的定向排列程度都会增加.实验结果表明,这种方法不仅简单、价廉而且产量高,同时还可以赋予纤维阵列较高的定向排列程度.     

The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5

Chromosome 5 is one of the largest human chromosomes and contains numerous intrachromosomal duplications, yet it has one of the lowest gene densities. This is partially explained by numerous gene-poor regions that display a remarkable degree of noncoding conservation with non-mammalian vertebrates, suggesting that they are functionally constrained. In total, we compiled 177.7 million base pairs of highly accurate finished sequence containing 923 manually curated protein-coding genes including the protocadherin and interleukin gene families. We also completely sequenced versions of the large chromosome-5-specific internal duplications. These duplications are very recent evolutionary events and probably have a mechanistic role in human physiological variation, as deletions in these regions are the cause of debilitating disorders including spinal muscular atrophy.     

The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19

Chromosome 19 has the highest gene density of all human chromosomes, more than double the genome-wide average. The large clustered gene families, corresponding high G + C content, CpG islands and density of repetitive DNA indicate a chromosome rich in biological and evolutionary significance. Here we describe 55.8 million base pairs of highly accurate finished sequence representing 99.9% of the euchromatin portion of the chromosome. Manual curation of gene loci reveals 1,461 protein-coding genes and 321 pseudogenes. Among these are genes directly implicated in mendelian disorders, including familial hypercholesterolaemia and insulin-resistant diabetes. Nearly one-quarter of these genes belong to tandemly arranged families, encompassing more than 25% of the chromosome. Comparative analyses show a fascinating picture of conservation and divergence, revealing large blocks of gene orthology with rodents, scattered regions with more recent gene family expansions and deletions, and segments of coding and non-coding conservation with the distant fish species Takifugu.