英国国际合作格局

该报告运用文献计量学方法，对英国及其主要合作伙伴国的国际合作格局做了全面的分析。所选
择的主要国家包括美国、加拿大、法国、德国、日本、澳大利亚、中国与印度；数据覆盖领域有临床、医药
卫生、生物科学、环境科学、数学、物质科学以及工程技术领域；数据时间分为1996－2000年与2001－2005
年两个时间段。结果显示：国际论文数量增长显著；英国国际合作论文份额的增长比G7 国家更加快速； 德
国和美国是英国最大的国际合作伙伴；英国国际合作论文的平均影响力显著高于其科研论文的总体影响力；
中国与英国合作发表的论文数量超过了与其他欧洲各国的合作论文数。     

The amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain of human fibrinogen.

The amino acid sequence of the human fibrinogen alpha-chain reveals a structure that can be divided into three zones of unique amino acid composition. The middle of these contains the two primary alpha-chain cross-linking acceptor sites and consists of a remarkable series of internal duplications.     

Substrate-targeting gamma-secretase modulators

Selective lowering of Abeta42 levels (the 42-residue isoform of the amyloid-beta peptide) with small-molecule gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs), such as some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. To identify the target of these agents we developed biotinylated photoactivatable GSMs. GSM photoprobes did not label the core proteins of the gamma-secretase complex, but instead labelled the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP carboxy-terminal fragments and amyloid-beta peptide in human neuroglioma H4 cells. Substrate labelling was competed by other GSMs, and labelling of an APP gamma-secretase substrate was more efficient than a Notch substrate. GSM interaction was localized to residues 28-36 of amyloid-beta, a region critical for aggregation. We also demonstrate that compounds known to interact with this region of amyloid-beta act as GSMs, and some GSMs alter the production of cell-derived amyloid-beta oligomers. Furthermore, mutation of the GSM binding site in the APP alters the sensitivity of the substrate to GSMs. These findings indicate that substrate targeting by GSMs mechanistically links two therapeutic actions: alteration in Abeta42 production and inhibition of amyloid-beta aggregation, which may synergistically reduce amyloid-beta deposition in Alzheimer's disease. These data also demonstrate the existence and feasibility of 'substrate targeting' by small-molecule effectors of proteolytic enzymes, which if generally applicable may significantly broaden the current notion of 'druggable' targets.     

Identification and probable role of a single neurone containing the neuropeptide Helix FMRFamide

Recently, there has been intense interest in the possibility that peptides might function as neurotransmitters. Despite much progress, there remains no clear-cut example in which the production of a chemically characterized peptide may be ascribed to individual identifiable neurones of proven physiological role. Invertebrate systems have proved to be particularly valuable for the study of identified neurones, including those producing peptides. We have now identified a neurone in ganglia of Helix that is associated with a peptide of the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) group, and which influences tentacle contraction. This system offers for the first time the capacity to study peptidergic transmission in a system in which both the cell soma and the postsynaptic target may be readily and reproducibly identified.     

Amine and amino acid microanalysis of two identified snail neurons with known characteristics

Résumé La microanalyse de l'amine et de l'amine acide de deux neurones identifiés a prouvé la présence de sérotonine dans l'un des neurones et son absence dans l'autre, celui qui contenait plus de méthionine. A l'exception d'un intéressant composé non identifié, les autres substances étaient essentiellement semblables dans les deux neurones.