Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

During January–May in 2007,the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge.We analyzed mineralogical,textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field.Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel.The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist ...     

Revisit the K-segment of the Southeast Indian Ridge for new evidence of hydrothermal plumes

During the first leg of a Chinese research cruise to the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) in 2007, we revisited the K-segment of the SEIR and observed a water column turbidity anomaly at a CTD cast station. This station was located ~400 m from a dredge site on a plume anomaly detected in 1996 by US scientists. The characteristics of the turbidity anomaly detected in our survey are different from those observed 11 years previously, implying that either the detected anomalies have distinct and different plume sources or the robustness of the plume has changed in the intervening time. In addition, turbidity anomalies were observed at two localities on the K-segment in a deep tow-yo profile. If these two anomalies are not connected, the plume incidence calculated would be about 0.28, larger than the predicted value of 0.25 for a 65 mm/a spreading rate. This increase in plume incidence on the K-segment seems to be related to the influence of the St. Paul-Amsterdam hotspot, located about 300 km to the northwest.     

Synthesis,structure and catalytic behavior of yttrium complexes bearing a diaminobis（phenolate） ligand

Yttrium complexes stabilized by a diaminobis（phenolate） ligand were synthesized and their catalytic behavior was explored. Reaction of YCI3 with 1 equiv of LNa2 [L= Me2NCH2CH2N{CH2-（2-O-C6H2-^1Bu2-3,5）}2] gave the yttrium chloride LYCI（THF） （1） in 92% yield. Complex I can be used as starting material to prepare the yttrium amido derivative. Complex 1 reacted with 1 equiv of LiNPh2 in THF to afford the expected yttrium amido complex LYNPh2 （2） in high yield. Both of complexes 1 and 2 have been well detected by elemental analysis, NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray analysis. It was found that complex 2 can efficiently initiate the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone, and a controlled manner is observed in the former case.     

Magnetic properties of surface soils across the southern Tarim Basin and their relationship with climate and source materials

The magnetic susceptibility (χ) of surface soils on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has strong positive correlation with mean annual precipitation.It is widely accepted that ultrafine magnetite/maghemite grains produced during pedogenesis are responsible for the enhancement of χ,and loess χ on the CLP has been widely used as a proxy for the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon.However,few works have investigated mechanisms for the enhancement of χ in the case of surface aeolian sediments in westerly-dominated inland China,north of the Tibetan Plateau.Here detailed rock magnetism and grain size studies of 49 surface samples taken across the southern Tarim Basin for different rainfall/temperature/altitude conditions are presented.The results show that samples taken from desert have the lowest χ values and that χ of loessic sand and loess samples decreases with increasing altitude.In addition,the rock magnetism studies suggest that the magnetic properties of surface soils across the southern Tarim Basin are mainly controlled by the concentration of coarse aeolian ferrimagnetic minerals.The contribution of ultrafine pedogenically produced magnetic grains to χ is very limited.     

面铣刀气动噪声数值模拟及不等齿距面铣刀的降噪方法

高速面铣刀气动噪声由离散噪声与对总噪声影响较大的宽带噪声组成. 针对高速面铣刀流场和声场的非定常特点, 采用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法对面铣刀周围气流特性进行数值模拟, 分析铣刀容屑槽区域的速度分布. 计算线性欧拉方程(linear eulerequation, LEE)中的声源项确定铣刀表面声源位置及强度. 通过应用基于Lighthill 声学类比的Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)积分变换方程计算获得远场噪声. 针对铣刀表面不同声源产生的气动噪声频谱进行分析, 发现铣刀容屑槽及刀片前刀面是高速面铣刀气动噪声的主要声源. 等距及不等距铣刀噪声频谱分析表明不等齿距布置可改变频谱声能分布, 降低离散噪声的基频峰值,进而可降低铣刀气动总噪声.     

Structure of aqueous sodium sulfate solutions derived from X-ray diffraction

A rapid liquid X-ray diffractometer was used to study the time-averaged and space-averaged structure of aqueous sodium sulfate solutions at 298 and 323 K. Difference radial distribution functions of the solutions were obtained from accurate diffraction data. The interaction distances of Na^＋-OH2 and S-H2O in solutions were found to be 0.235 and 0.385 nm, respectively, after deconvolution of superposition peaks by Gaussian multi-peak fitting program. The characteristic distance of the NaSO; contact ion pairs in higher concentration solutions was determined to be 0.345 nm, suggesting that the Na^＋ ions coordinated with SO4^2- ions in the mono-dentate form. Effects of concentration and temperature on the hydration structure of the solutions were discussed in the present paper. With a decrease in concentration, the contributions of the H2O to the diffraction pattern increase, the average coordination number of the Na^＋ ions hardly changes, while the hydration number of SO4^2- ions increases slightly. The formation of NaSO; contact ion pairs becomes easier at higher temperature. The structure of hydrogen bond in dilute solutions is broken to a considerable extent with rising temperature, and the peak at 0.290 nm splits into two peaks at 0.275 and 0.305 nm, respectively.     

Influence of Cr3+ concentration on the electrochemical behavior of the anolyte for vanadium redox flow batteries

The composition of electrolyte affects to a great extent the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRB).The effects of Cr3+ concentration in the anolyte on the electrode process of V(V)/V(IV) couple have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).It was found that Cr3+ causes no side reactions,but affects the electrochemical performance of V(V)/V(IV) redox reaction,including the reaction activity,the reversibility of electrode reaction,the diffusivity of vanadium ions,the interface film impedance,and the electrode reaction impedance.The experimental results show that Cr3+ within a certain concentration range can improve the reversibility of electrode reaction and the diffusion of vanadium ions.With the Cr3+ concentration increasing from 0 to 0.30 g L-1,the reversibility of V(V)/V(IV) reaction increases,while the diffusion resistance decreases.Correspondingly,the diffusion coefficient of vanadium ions increases from(5.48-6.77) × 10-7 to(6.82-8.44) × 10-7 cm2 s-1,an increase of ～24%.However,the diffusion resistance increases and the diffusion coefficient decreases when Cr3+ concentration is over 0.30 g L-1,while the impedances of the interface,the film as well as the charge transfer increase continuously.As a result,Cr3+ with a certain concentration improves the diffusion and mass transfer process,but the resistances of the film,the interface,and the charge transfer rise.Furthermore,Cr3+ concentration of no more than 0.10 g L-1 has few effect on the electrode reaction process,and that of no more than 0.30 g L-1 is favorable to the diffusion of vanadium ions.     

Synthesis, structure of iron(Ⅲ)-containing imidazolium salts and their catalytic activity in the alkylation of aryl Grignard reagents

A series of iron(III)-containing imidazolium salts of the general formula [DRim][FeX 4 ] (R=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, IPr, X=Cl, 1; R=IPr, X=Br, 2; R=tertbutyl, t Bu, X=Cl, 3; R=isopropyl, i Pr, X=Cl, 4; R=benzyl, Bn, X=Cl, 5; R=Bn, X=Br, 6) have been prepared in high yields via reactions of anhydrous ferric halides with equivalent of the corresponding N,N-dihydro- carby-limidazolium halides, where 2-6 are novel ones. All of the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography for 1 and 2. All of them were non-hygroscopic and air-stable, with four of them existing as solids (1-4) and two as liquids (5 and 6) at room temperature. A preliminary catalytic study on the coupling of 4-tolylmagnesium bromide with cyclohexyl bromide revealed that 1 and 3 possessed the highest activity. In comparison, 2, 4 and 5 exhibited moderate activity and the least active complex was 6.     

臭氧/活性氧氧化法预处理聚酯废水实验研究

通过对国内某聚酯生产企业现有聚酯废水处理工艺存在问题的调查和分析，提出在生化前增加絮凝—臭氧/羟基自由基活性氧氧化预处理工艺的解决方案，并进行相应的实验研究。探讨了在絮凝实验中絮凝剂种类和投加量、pH值对废水COD_Cr去除率的影响。并在此基础上对臭氧、活性氧单独氧化效果和臭氧/活性氧联合氧化效果进行分析和对比，确定臭氧/活性氧氧化法优越性并对工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明， pH为8，絮凝剂的投加量为1.56g/L，通臭氧时间为3min，活性氧投加量为27mg/L时，聚酯废水预处理效果最佳，废水COD_Cr的去除率可达84%，可生化性比值提高至0.45左右，未检出对后续生物处理系统中微生物产生毒害的醛类物质。     

二氟甲烷/四氟乙烷/1,1-二氟乙烷与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/二甘醇二甲醚工质对体系热力学分析

在实验测定了二氟甲烷(R32)-二甘醇二甲醚(DMEDEG)、R32-N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、1,1-二氟乙烷(R152a)-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、R152a-DMAC和R152a-DMEDEG 5个体系的气液相平衡数据的基础上，补充了文献中R32-DMF、四氟乙烷(R134a)-DMF和R134a-DMEDEG 3个体系的数据。采用PR方程为关联模型，比较了R32/R134/R152与DMF/DMAC/DMEDEG这8个工质对体系的气液相平衡行为。从化学结构出发，用氢键理论分析了这8个工质对的热力学行为，并结合制冷剂和吸收剂的热物性，解释了吸收制冷循环性能系数COP随发生温度的变化规律。