Stem cell engraftment at the endosteal niche is specified by the calcium-sensing receptor

During mammalian ontogeny, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) translocate from the fetal liver to the bone marrow, where haematopoiesis occurs throughout adulthood. Unique features of bone that contribute to a microenvironmental niche for stem cells might include the known high concentration of calcium ions at the HSC-enriched endosteal surface. Cells respond to extracellular ionic calcium concentrations through the seven-transmembrane-spanning calcium-sensing receptor (CaR), which we identified as being expressed on HSCs. Here we show that, through the CaR, the simple ionic mineral content of the niche may dictate the preferential localization of adult mammalian haematopoiesis in bone. Antenatal mice deficient in CaR had primitive haematopoietic cells in the circulation and spleen, whereas few were found in bone marrow. CaR-/- HSCs from fetal liver were normal in number, in proliferative and differentiative function, and in migration and homing to the bone marrow. Yet they were highly defective in localizing anatomically to the endosteal niche, behaviour that correlated with defective adhesion to the extracellular matrix protein, collagen I. CaR has a function in retaining HSCs in close physical proximity to the endosteal surface and the regulatory niche components associated with it.     

Antineoplastic activity of lipid-soluble dialkyl esters of methotrexate

Résumé L'action biologique de 6 esters liposolubles di-n-alkyle de la méthotrexate (MTX) a été comparée à celle du composé non estérifié. En tant qu'inhibiteurs de la réductase dihydrofolate de cellules leucémiques L1210 de la souris, les esters ont été moins efficaces que la MTX. In vivo, les esters dialkyles ont eu une action égale à celle de la MTX, en prolongeant la survie des souris inoculées par l'injection de cellules leucémiques L1210. Puisque les esters sont rapidement hydrolysés in vivo on conclut que l'action antitumeur chez la souris est due à la libération de la MTX.

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We thank Dr.Dorris J. Hutchison, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, for supplying mice bearing the L1210/A (XL) tumor; and Mr.C. J. Derr, Mr.J. C. Drake and Mr.S. T. Yancey for skilled technical assistance.