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Tang F  Kauffman EJ  Novak JL  Nau JJ  Catlett NL  Weisman LS 《Nature》2003,422(6927):87-92
Normal cellular function requires that organelles be positioned in specific locations. The direction in which molecular motors move organelles is based in part on the polarity of microtubules and actin filaments. However, this alone does not determine the intracellular destination of organelles. For example, the yeast class V myosin, Myo2p, moves several organelles to distinct locations during the cell cycle. Thus the movement of each type of Myo2p cargo must be regulated uniquely. Here we report a regulatory mechanism that specifically provides directionality to vacuole movement. The vacuole-specific Myo2p receptor, Vac17p, has a key function in this process. Vac17p binds simultaneously to Myo2p and to Vac8p, a vacuolar membrane protein. The transport complex, Myo2p-Vac17p-Vac8p, moves the vacuole to the bud, and is then disrupted through the degradation of Vac17p. The vacuole is ultimately deposited near the centre of the bud. Removal of a PEST sequence (a potential signal for rapid protein degradation) within Vac17p causes its stabilization and the subsequent 'backward' movement of vacuoles, which mis-targets them to the neck between the mother cell and the bud. Thus the regulated disruption of this transport complex places the vacuole in its proper location. This may be a general mechanism whereby organelles are deposited at their terminal destination.  相似文献   
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Reversible large electric-field-induced strain caused by reversible orientation switchings in BaTiO3 is modeled using the Landau's theory of phase transition.A triple well free energy function is constructed.Each of its minima is associated with one of the polarization orientations involved.Nonlinear constitutive laws accounting for reversible orientation switchings and electrostriction effects are obtained by using thermodynamic equilibrium conditions.Hysteretic dynamics of onedimensional structures is des...  相似文献   
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IntroductionThehighTcsuperconductorsarelayeredmaterialswithCuO2 planes ,separatedbyinsulatingrock saltoxidelayers.TheimportanceoftheCuO2 planeshascreatedmajorinteresttostudytheelectronicandstructuralbehaviourofthesestructuralelementssincethediscoveryofth…  相似文献   
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