烧结工艺对含硅锰烧结钢性能与组织的影响

研究了烧结温度和时间对Ｆｅ－３．１Ｍｎ－１．２Ｓｉ－０．４Ｃ烧结刚性能与组织的影响，实验结果表明：提高烧结温度和延长烧结时间都能改善Ｆｅ－３．１Ｍｎ－１．２Ｓｉ－０．４Ｃ烧结钢的机械性能；并使烧结试样由膨胀逐渐向收缩过渡，Ｆｅ－３．１Ｍｎ－１．２Ｓｉ－０．４Ｃ烧结网在１１００℃以上烧结时，由于有液相的出现，合金化过程可以被大大地提高，在烧结过程中，只有那些较小的硅锰母合金颗粒才能全部熔化，而那些尺     

Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5

The intestinal epithelium is the most rapidly self-renewing tissue in adult mammals. It is currently believed that four to six crypt stem cells reside at the +4 position immediately above the Paneth cells in the small intestine; colon stem cells remain undefined. Lgr5 (leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5, also known as Gpr49) was selected from a panel of intestinal Wnt target genes for its restricted crypt expression. Here, using two knock-in alleles, we reveal exclusive expression of Lgr5 in cycling columnar cells at the crypt base. In addition, Lgr5 was expressed in rare cells in several other tissues. Using an inducible Cre knock-in allele and the Rosa26-lacZ reporter strain, lineage-tracing experiments were performed in adult mice. The Lgr5-positive crypt base columnar cell generated all epithelial lineages over a 60-day period, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon. The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers.     

Mutations in a human homologue of Drosophila crumbs cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP12).

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that afflicts approximately 1.5 million people worldwide. Affected individuals suffer from a progressive degeneration of the photoreceptors, eventually resulting in severe visual impairment. To isolate candidate genes for chorioretinal diseases, we cloned cDNAs specifically or preferentially expressed in the human retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) through a novel suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. One of these cDNAs (RET3C11) mapped to chromosome 1q31-q32.1, a region harbouring a gene involved in a severe form of autosomal recessive RP characterized by a typical preservation of the para-arteriolar RPE (RP12; ref. 3). The full-length cDNA encodes an extracellular protein with 19 EGF-like domains, 3 laminin A G-like domains and a C-type lectin domain. This protein is homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster protein crumbs (CRB), and denoted CRB1 (crumbs homologue 1). In ten unrelated RP patients with preserved para-arteriolar RPE, we identified a homozygous AluY insertion disrupting the ORF, five homozygous missense mutations and four compound heterozygous mutations in CRB1. The similarity to CRB suggests a role for CRB1 in cell-cell interaction and possibly in the maintenance of cell polarity in the retina. The distinct RPE abnormalities observed in RP12 patients suggest that CRB1 mutations trigger a novel mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration.     

Inhibition of platelet thrombus formation by chlorpromazine acting to diminish haemolysis.

There is increasing evidence that the sudden, unpredicatable event initiating myocardial infarction is fissuring of an atherosclerotic plaque. The resulting haemorrhage into the arterial wall produces obstructive platelet thrombi, just as arterial haemorrhages elsewhere produce haemostatic platelet plugs. It has been suggested that such platelet aggregation depends on ADP originating in red cells which are subjected to excessive haemodynamic stress at the site of haemorrhage. The release of ADP from red cells has been demonstrated in vitro in equivalent condtions of shear stress; and other mechansims, such as activation by collagen, cannot account for the rapidity with which the platelets react. One of us (G.V.R.B.) has suggested that drugs capable of counteracting haemolysis might diminish the activating effect of erythrocytes on platelets and so inhibit their aggregation as thrombi. Thus, chlorpromazine, added to human blood at concentrations which diminish haemoylsis but do not directly affect platelet aggregation, prolonged the 'bleeding time' from small holes in artificial vessels where extravasation is terminated, as in living arterioles, by aggregated platelets. The bleeding time was also prolonged by apyrase, consistent with the conclusion that the chlorpromazine acted through decreasing plasma ADP. We show here that this occurs through the anti-haemolytic action of chlorpromazine.     

Dynamic properties of neurons in cortical area MT in alert and anaesthetized macaque monkeys.

In order to see the world with high spatial acuity, an animal must sample the visual image with many detectors that restrict their analyses to extremely small regions of space. The visual cortex must then integrate the information from these localized receptive fields to obtain a more global picture of the surrounding environment. We studied this process in single neurons within the middle temporal visual area (MT) of macaques using stimuli that produced conflicting local and global information about stimulus motion. Neuronal responses in alert animals initially reflected predominantly the ambiguous local motion features, but gradually converged to an unambiguous global representation. When the same animals were anaesthetized, the integration of local motion signals was markedly impaired even though neuronal responses remained vigorous and directional tuning characteristics were intact. Our results suggest that anaesthesia preferentially affects the visual processing responsible for integrating local signals into a global visual representation.