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1.
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition. 相似文献
2.
从“十四五”保护与发展的生态关系角度,探讨了生态保护与绿色发展的十大生态关系,阐述了生态保护和绿色发展中的一系列有关生态关系的生态智慧及生态技术,并对长江、黄河等流域的生态保护和修复提出了相关建议。 相似文献
3.
Aristotle Said “Happiness is a State of Activity” — Predicting Mood Through Body Sensing with Smartwatches 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Peter A. Gloor Andrea Fronzetti Colladon Francesca Grippa Pascal Budner Joscha Eirich 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》2018,27(5):586-612
We measure and predict states of Activation and Happiness using a body sensing application connected to smartwatches. Through the sensors of commercially available smartwatches we collect individual mood states and correlate them with body sensing data such as acceleration, heart rate, light level data, and location, through the GPS sensor built into the smartphone connected to the smartwatch. We polled users on the smartwatch for seven weeks four times per day asking for their mood state. We found that both Happiness and Activation are negatively correlated with heart beats and with the levels of light. People tend to be happier when they are moving more intensely and are feeling less activated during weekends. We also found that people with a lower Conscientiousness and Neuroticism and higher Agreeableness tend to be happy more frequently. In addition, more Activation can be predicted by lower Openness to experience and higher Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Lastly, we find that tracking people’s geographical coordinates might play an important role in predicting Happiness and Activation. The methodology we propose is a first step towards building an automated mood tracking system, to be used for better teamwork and in combination with social network analysis studies. 相似文献
4.
Danielle Kamato Muhamad Ashraf Rostam Rebekah Bernard Terrence J. Piva Nitin Mantri Daniel Guidone Wenhua Zheng Narin Osman Peter J. Little 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2015,72(4):799-808
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling is mediated through transactivation-independent signalling pathways or the transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors and the recently reported activation of the serine/threonine kinase receptors, most notably the transforming growth factor-β receptor family. Since the original observation of GPCR transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors, there has been considerable work on the mechanism of transactivation and several pathways are prominent. These pathways include the “triple membrane bypass” pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The recent recognition of GPCR transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors enormously broadens the GPCR signalling paradigm. It may be predicted that the transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors would have mechanistic similarities with transactivation of tyrosine kinase pathways; however, initial studies suggest that these two transactivation pathways are mechanistically distinct. Important questions are the relative importance of tyrosine and serine/threonine transactivation pathways, the contribution of transactivation to overall GPCR signalling, mechanisms of transactivation and the range of cell types in which this phenomenon occurs. The ultimate significance of transactivation-dependent signalling remains to be defined but it appears to be prominent and if so will represent a new cell signalling frontier. 相似文献
5.
杨建荣 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):157-158
根据我国当前电力系统运行情况,对电网无功功率补偿的必要性及通用补偿方法及其装置进行了具体阐述。 相似文献
6.
系统地总结和介绍了我国高性能计算机,包括“银河”系列巨型机、“曙光”系列巨型机、“神威”系列巨型机、“深腾”系列巨型机以及“深超”系列巨型机的开发研制以及应用情况。 相似文献
7.
王永红 《科技情报开发与经济》2004,14(6):139-141
通过1998年、2000年的试验研究,系统分析了顶凌覆盖技术在高寒区节水增温保温、增产增收的机理及其应用效果。提出该技术可以缓解低温干旱特别是春旱对农业生产的困扰,是一项可以抗旱保春播增产增收的实用技术,在高寒地区具有较高的推广价值。 相似文献
8.
Ten-day treatment with nicotine (5, 25 or 50 micrograms/ml drinking water) dose-dependently intensified gastric ulceration induced by cold-restraint, and emptying rate. Stomach contractions produced by graded doses of bethanechol i.v. were elevated further by nicotine treatment. It is suggested that chronic nicotine administration produces hypersensitivity of the gastric muscarinic receptors; stomach hypermotility contributes to the ulcer-worsening action of the alkaloid. 相似文献
9.
复数,实数及实对称数据下Bruun FFT算法的实现 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文在复数、实数以及实对称数据下研究和实现了Bruun FFT算法。文章分析和评价了各种数据下BruunFFT的运算量和特点,提出了算法的实现结构和方法。最后给了TMS320C30上的运算时间,我们实现的算法比基2FFT速度提高35%。 相似文献
10.