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Alexander V. Kolobov a) onleavefromA .F .IoffePhysico TechnicalInstitute StPetersburg Russia 《中国科学技术大学学报》2001,31(3):282-288
Thelatticemismatchbetweenthesubstrateandtheovergrownlayerallowstheformationofself as sembledquantumdots (QDs)throughtheStranski Krastanovmechanism[1,2 ] .Thistechniquehasbeensuccessfullyappliedtovarioussemiconductorsystems,andinparticulartoGe/Siquantumdots(Q… 相似文献
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Chemical characterization of element 112 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eichler R Aksenov NV Belozerov AV Bozhikov GA Chepigin VI Dmitriev SN Dressler R Gäggeler HW Gorshkov VA Haenssler F Itkis MG Laube A Lebedev VY Malyshev ON Oganessian YTs Petrushkin OV Piguet D Rasmussen P Shishkin SV Shutov AV Svirikhin AI Tereshatov EE Vostokin GK Wegrzecki M Yeremin AV 《Nature》2007,447(7140):72-75
The heaviest elements to have been chemically characterized are seaborgium (element 106), bohrium (element 107) and hassium (element 108). All three behave according to their respective positions in groups 6, 7 and 8 of the periodic table, which arranges elements according to their outermost electrons and hence their chemical properties. However, the chemical characterization results are not trivial: relativistic effects on the electronic structure of the heaviest elements can strongly influence chemical properties. The next heavy element targeted for chemical characterization is element 112; its closed-shell electronic structure with a filled outer s orbital suggests that it may be particularly susceptible to strong deviations from the chemical property trends expected within group 12. Indeed, first experiments concluded that element 112 does not behave like its lighter homologue mercury. However, the production and identification methods used cast doubt on the validity of this result. Here we report a more reliable chemical characterization of element 112, involving the production of two atoms of (283)112 through the alpha decay of the short-lived (287)114 (which itself forms in the nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca with 242Pu) and the adsorption of the two atoms on a gold surface. By directly comparing the adsorption characteristics of (283)112 to that of mercury and the noble gas radon, we find that element 112 is very volatile and, unlike radon, reveals a metallic interaction with the gold surface. These adsorption characteristics establish element 112 as a typical element of group 12, and its successful production unambiguously establishes the approach to the island of stability of superheavy elements through 48Ca-induced nuclear fusion reactions with actinides. 相似文献
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T Peyronel O Firstenberg QY Liang S Hofferberth AV Gorshkov T Pohl MD Lukin V Vuletić 《Nature》2012,488(7409):57-60
The realization of strong nonlinear interactions between individual light quanta (photons) is a long-standing goal in optical science and engineering, being of both fundamental and technological significance. In conventional optical materials, the nonlinearity at light powers corresponding to single photons is negligibly weak. Here we demonstrate a medium that is nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs while remaining transparent to single photons. The quantum nonlinearity is obtained by coherently coupling slowly propagating photons to strongly interacting atomic Rydberg states in a cold, dense atomic gas. Our approach paves the way for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching, all-optical deterministic quantum logic and the realization of strongly correlated many-body states of light. 相似文献
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