石家庄市秋冬季大气环流型下的气象和PM2.5污染特征

根据石家庄市2013—2018年秋冬季(当年11—12月和次年1—2月)11种大气环流型天气条件下的地面和垂直气象特征, 归纳出5类大气环流条件, 并结合气团传输轨迹和PM_2.5浓度监测数据, 探讨大气环流条件与石家庄PM_2.5污染的关系。在5类大气环流条件中, 第I类(NW型和N型, 天数占16%)的扩散条件最好, 以西风和西北风为主, 风向比较稳定, 风速大, 边界层高度高; 第II类(NE型, 天数占9%)和第III类(E型和SE型, 天数占12%)的扩散条件次好, 近地面风向分别以北风和东北风为主, 风速较大, 前者边界层高度中等, 后者边界层高度低; 第IV类(A型, 天数占37%)的扩散条件较差, 近地面风速较低, 同时边界层高度低; 第V类(UM型、C型、S型、SW型和W型, 天数占26%)的扩散条件最差, 近地面风速很小, 风向变化大, 边界层高度低, 低层大气逆温明显。不同大气环流条件下气团的传输路径存在差异, 对石家庄地区PM_2.5污染产生潜在影响的区域随之不同。石家庄市秋冬季的PM_2.5污染与不同环流型的扩散条件密切关联, 第V类大气环流条件下最易发生PM_2.5污染, 污染发生频率在78%~96%之间, 重度及以上级别污染发生频率均在55%以上; 第IV类大气环流条件下的污染状况变化相对缓慢, 但连续的第IV类大气环流天气多带来PM_2.5污染持续累积; 第I类大气环流条件下发生污染的频率最低。     

FUZZY DECISION-MAKING OF COMBING ROLLER COVERING FOR SPINNING PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR-SPUN YARNS

This paper deals with the types and specifications of combing roller covering for spinning pureramie noil rotor-spun yarns.A handling mode combining Fuzzy Decision-making and FuzzyCluster Analysis has been used for analyzing the experimental results.It is shown that,with regard to the specifications of the sawtooth clothing of the combing rol-ler,large working angle,large tooth pitch,fine tooth shape,short tooth height,smooth finish andgood wearability are of benefit to improving the spinning stability and the spun yarn properties.The pinned combing roller,however,regardless of its complicated process of production,is sug-gested to be preferred for spinning the pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns.The handling mode used in this work is efficient in improving the reliability and objectivity ofthe conclusions and can be used for solving the similar problems.     

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺分梳元件的研究 第三报 粗号纯落麻纱的实用性分析及其产品开发

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺的系列研究已经得出目前纺制纯落麻转杯纱的最优工艺组合。鉴于目前尚未制订出此类纱线的质量标准,本文借助假想的“纯落麻环锭纱”概念,从成纱质量角度分析,得出最优工艺组合下纺制的粗号纯落麻转杯纱具有一定的实用性;在此基础上,利用所纺制的纯落麻转杯纱,成功地开发试织出5种纯落麻机织物及3种落麻针织物面料。     

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺分梳元件的研究 第二报:分梳辊主要工艺参数的优化设计

本文报道了纺制(98.4～45.4tex)(6～13Ne)苎麻纯落麻转杯纱时,分梳辊转速的优化设计。文章首先利用二次通用旋转组合设计求取纺纱细度、分梳辊转速二个变量因子与衡量指标之间的高精度回归方程,进而绘制并分析相应指标的二维等高线图;其次,利用目标规划法建立优化数学模型,并采用随机方向搜索法进行求解;最后,对求得的最优解进行验证试验。研究结果表明,不同纺纱细度下,在5000～9150r/min范围内分梳辊转速对纺纱稳定性没有显著影响,而对转杯纤维环中超、倍长纤维含量及成纱质量有较大影响;在98.4～45.4tex纺纱细度范围内,SAQ-12型锯齿辊转速为7075r/min时,转杯纤维环中超、倍长纤维含量较少,纺纱稳定性及成纱质量较好。     

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺分梳元件的研究——第一报:分梳辊型式和规格的模糊决策

本文应用模糊决策和模糊聚类分析相结合的处理模式。对苎麻纯落麻转杯纺适用的分梳辊型式和规格进行了研究。结果表明:此种处理模式有利于提高所得结论的可靠性与客观性,可应用于其它类似研究;纺制纯落麻转杯纱时,大工作角、大齿距、小齿高、细小齿形、光结度及耐磨性好的锯齿辊有利于改善纺纱性能和成纱质量;针辊是纯落麻转杯纺用分梳辊的发展方向。     

THE INFLUENCE OF COMBING ROLLER SPEED ON PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR YARN QUALITY AND SPINNING PERFORMANCE

This paper reports the optimum design of combing roller speed with reference to yielding 6-13 Ne(98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns. The universal rotatable composite design is adopted to get the highly precise regression equations, in which the variables are combing roller speed and yarn linear density considered to be the main technological parameters of combing roller and, the responses are the evaluation indexes concerning spinning stability, fiber length distribution of fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties. Based on these regression equations, the contours are plotted to analyse the influences of the parameters on the evaluation indexes; the optimization multicriteria mathematical model is simultaneously established to obtain the optimum parameters with the aid of Object Programming Approach along with Constrained Random Ray Method. Finally, an experiment is carried out to further test the acceptance of the calculated optimum values. It is shown that, for any yarn linear density within 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex), combing roller speed varying from 5000 to 9150 r/min affects content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties but does not significantly influence spinning stability; 7075 r/min, at which the SAQ-12 type of saw-toothed combing roller runs, is recommended to be the optimum combing roller speed for producing 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil yarns, where a compromise is achieved among the lowest content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring, the best spinning stability and the best yarn properties.     

模糊数学在纺织领域中的应用探讨

本文利用模糊数学这一工具,初步探讨了纺织领域中事物的分类及工艺方案的优选、性能评价标准的制订、性能测试方法的改进、纺织专家系统的建立等方面的问题,并相应提出了较为合理地解决这些问题的可能方法。