Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for 1-Butanol-Water-KF and 1-Butanol-Water-K2CO3 Systems

KF or K2CO3 was added into the 1-butanol-water system and two phases were formed： water-rich phase （water phase） and 1-butanol-rich phase （1-butanol phase）. The liquid liquid equilibrium （LLE） data for 1-butanol-water-KF and 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 systems were measured at 25℃ and showed that 1-butanol phase contained negligible salt and water phase contained negligible 1-butanol when the concentrations of KF and K2CO3 in the water phase were equal to or higher than 27.11% and 31.68% , respectively. Thus water could be separated efficiently from 1-butanol-water by adding KF or K2CO3 into the system. A theoretical calculation of LLE data was calculated by using the Pitzer theory to get water activity in the water phase, and by the models, such as the Wilson, NRTL or the UNIQUAC for the 1-butanol phase. For 1-hutanol-water-KF system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and Wilson equa tion, while for 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and UNIQUAC eauation.     

云田乡站更换提速道岔施工的安全管理

列车提速是铁路发展的必然趋势,是铁路实现跨越式发展的外在表现。实现列车提速,首先要对不适应的设备进行改造,大量更换提速道岔是其中最重要的工程。     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

医用历四柱干支显现的基本规律

本文依据天文万年历研究了医用历四柱干支显现的基本规律：（１）共有５１８４００种四柱干支组;历经一个６０甲子年显现的一半;历经２个６０甲子年显现的３／４;历经３个６０了年大多数显现;历经４个６０甲子年才全部显现。（２）四柱干支历经４个６０甲子年基本重现,医用历轮回周期的２４０年。     

天宫一号与载人飞船组合体能源管理设计与验证

天宫一号和载人飞船构成组合体期间,载人飞船处于停靠状态,由天宫一号负责组合体能源管理.基于供电安全性和传输功率的要求,组合体进行了近端采样反馈电压控制的并网供电架构设计.经过仿真、地面测试和在轨飞行试验验证,表明天宫一号与载人飞船组合体供电并网设计正确,为载人空间站工程各组合体间供电并网设计提供了有力保证.     

饮用地下水锰生物去除机理及除铁除锰系统技术研究

本次课题研究是在原有多年研究的基础上,针对地下水中的铁和锰的去除,而进行的系统深入的研究。从20世纪80年代开始,课题组根据我国及国外地下水除铁除锰工程实践中普遍存在的问题,从应用研究入手,通过大量的实验室实验和现场除锰滤池模拟试验,     

Thermal stability and magnetic properties of Fe–Co–M–Zr–Nb–Ge–B(M=Mo,Cr) bulk metallic glasses

Fe62Co8 xMxZr6Nb4Ge1B19(M=Mo, Cr) bulk metallic glasses were synthesized in the diameter range up to 2 mm by copper mold casting,which exhibit high thermal stability and large glass-forming ability. The super-cooled liquid region diminishes by the dissolution of Mo. The addition of 2 at% Cr leads to the broading of the liquid region remarkably, resulting in the improvement of thermal stability. The crystallization takes place through a single exothermic reaction, accompanying the precipitation of more than three kinds of crystallized phases such as α-Fe,Fe2Zr and ZrB2. The Fe-based alloys show soft ferromagnetic properties. The saturation magnetization(ss) decreases with increasing Mo or Cr content while the saturated magnetostriction increases with raising Mo or Cr content. There is no evident change in the ssand coercive force(Hc)with annealing temperature below the crystallization temperature, which suggests a more relaxed atomic configuration the glasses have. The crystallization causes a substantial enhancement in both ssand Hc. Each soft magnetic property of the glasses containing Cr with higher thermal stability is superior to that of the alloys containing Mo.     

Superior machinability of steel enhanced with BN and MnS particles

The strategy that replacing part of MnS with BN was proposed in order to decrease the sulfur content in sulfur based free-cutting steel. The effects of BN and MnS inclusions on the microstructure and machinability of the steel were systematically investigated. The results show that most of the BN and MnS inclusions exist individually in the steel and only a small amount of them are in a composite state forming either isolated particles or clusters of particles. In the case of multi-phased steel, the theoretical calculation predicts that the volume of large BN particles should be 0.7 times of the volume of large MnS particles. The machinability of this type of BN and MnS alloy steel over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from a low speed appropriate for drilling to a high speed appropriate for turning is confirmed as being equal to or superior to that of an MnS reference steel, even though the sulfur content in the composite steel is only half that of the MnS steel. The aptitude for cutting effect of 240 ppm nitrogen and 115 ppm boron in the composite steel is demonstrated to be equivalent or even better than 1000 ppm sulfur in MnS free-cutting steel.     

Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein

Mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway can cause the xeroderma pigmentosum skin cancer predisposition syndrome. NER lesions are limited to one DNA strand, but otherwise they are chemically and structurally diverse, being caused by a wide variety of genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet radiation. The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein has a central role in initiating global-genome NER by recognizing the lesion and recruiting downstream factors. Here we present the crystal structure of the yeast XPC orthologue Rad4 bound to DNA containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesion. The structure shows that Rad4 inserts a beta-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing the two damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. The expelled nucleotides of the undamaged strand are recognized by Rad4, whereas the two CPD-linked nucleotides become disordered. These findings indicate that the lesions recognized by Rad4/XPC thermodynamically destabilize the Watson-Crick double helix in a manner that facilitates the flipping-out of two base pairs.     

GMCL： a robust global localization method for mobile robot

A large sample size is required for Monte Carlo localization （MCL） in multi-robot dynamic environ- ment, because of the ＂kidnapped robot＂ phenomenon, which will locate most of the samples in the regions with small value of desired posterior density. For this problem the crossover and mutation operators in evolutionary computation are introduced into MCL to make samples move towards the regions where the desired posterior density is large, so that the sample set can represent the density better. The proposed method is termed genetic Monte Carlo localization （GMCL）. Application in robot soccer system shows that GMCL can considerably reduce the required number of samples, and is more precise and robust in dynamic environment.