流化床烧炭再生的动力学研究--过渡态的动力学模型

考虑内外、扩散的影响下 ,建立了烧炭再生中氧和碳在催化剂颗粒上的浓度分布方程 用单点正交配置法模拟出了焦炭转化率与反应时间的关系模型 ,并将模型计算值与实验测定值进行了比较 ,二者符合良好     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

结构分析中的辩证法

简要概述了辩证法在结构分析中的重要作用，自然科学工作者应用辩证的思想看待实际问题如主客体关系、创造性思维运用、定性与定量关系、以及各学科之间互相渗透对科学研究具有重要意义。     

A mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies of correlated traits in structured populations

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a standard approach for studying the genetics of natural variation. A major concern in GWAS is the need to account for the complicated dependence structure of the data, both between loci as well as between individuals. Mixed models have emerged as a general and flexible approach for correcting for population structure in GWAS. Here, we extend this linear mixed-model approach to carry out GWAS of correlated phenotypes, deriving a fully parameterized multi-trait mixed model (MTMM) that considers both the within-trait and between-trait variance components simultaneously for multiple traits. We apply this to data from a human cohort for correlated blood lipid traits from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and show greatly increased power to detect pleiotropic loci that affect more than one blood lipid trait. We also apply this approach to an Arabidopsis thaliana data set for flowering measurements in two different locations, identifying loci whose effect depends on the environment.     

An efficient multi-locus mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies in structured populations

Population structure causes genome-wide linkage disequilibrium between unlinked loci, leading to statistical confounding in genome-wide association studies. Mixed models have been shown to handle the confounding effects of a diffuse background of large numbers of loci of small effect well, but they do not always account for loci of larger effect. Here we propose a multi-locus mixed model as a general method for mapping complex traits in structured populations. Simulations suggest that our method outperforms existing methods in terms of power as well as false discovery rate. We apply our method to human and Arabidopsis thaliana data, identifying new associations and evidence for allelic heterogeneity. We also show how a priori knowledge from an A. thaliana linkage mapping study can be integrated into our method using a Bayesian approach. Our implementation is computationally efficient, making the analysis of large data sets (n > 10,000) practicable.     

磁尾的等离子体片边界层场向电流密度与地磁活动指数Kp的关系分析

对2001年7月～10月Cluster穿越磁尾等离子体片边界层期间观测到的172个场向电流事件进行了研究,主要分析了等离子体片边界层场向电流特性与地磁活动指数之间的关系.研究结果表明：1）等离子体片边界层场向电流的相对发生率随地磁活动的增强而增加;2）等离子体片边界层场向电流密度随Kp指数的增大而增大;在磁暴的主相阶段,场向电流迅速增大,电流密度最大达到19.05nA/m2,同时Kp增大至5;3）地磁活动指数Kp与等离子体片边界层区场向电流密度有着一致的变化关系.然而,当AE〈800nT时,等离子体片边界层场向电流密度随着AE的增加而增加,当AE〉800nT时,场向电流密度随着AE的增加而减小.从而说明,等离子体片边界层场向电流密度与Kp指数的变化关系更为密切.     

ON PSEUDO-RIEMANN-HILBERT PROBLEM FOR COMPLEX OVERDETERMIND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS OF FIRST ORDER

Suppose G_j= {z_j||z_j|<1}, G_j= {z_j||z_j|=1},j= 1,2, G_(1 )= {z_1|ε< |z_1|<1},where εisa constant, 0 <ε<1 . We consider the pseudo-Riemann-Hilbert problem;We assume that(i) λis a H lder continuous function on G_1× G_2, and λ≠0; γis a real H lder continuous functionon G_1× G_2, and let H_β(γ) be its bound.(ii) f_j is continuous with respect to (z_1 ,z_2) ∈ _1z× _2 and is holomorphic with respect to W ∈B_R ={W||W|≤R, B is a positive constant}; f_i satisfies compatibility condition.(iii) and and continuous with respect to (z_1,z_2, W) ∈ _1× _2× B_R; f_1,f_2, and satisfyLipschitz condition with respect to W ∈B_R, and let L_R be the Lipschitz constant and K_R be their bound.     

Separation of hydrophobic gold nanoparticles less than 10 nm by electrophoresis

An electrophoresis device was used to separate hydrophobic gold nanoparticles with particle size less than 10 nm dispersed in organic solvent. Image of transmission electron microscope （TEM） and UV-Vis spectra showed that the particles in the vicinity of cathode have a smaller mean diameter than those near the anode. This result indicates that the nanogolds in chloroform bring a positive charge in opposition to what is predicted by Coehn rule, and provides an electrophrosis method for separating hydrophobic nanogold particles of different sizes.     

Antibacterial agents based on the cyclic D,L-alpha-peptide architecture

The rapid emergence of bacterial infections that are resistant to many drugs underscores the need for new therapeutic agents. Here we report that six- and eight-residue cyclic d,l-alpha-peptides act preferentially on Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacterial membranes compared to mammalian cells, increase membrane permeability, collapse transmembrane ion potentials, and cause rapid cell death. The effectiveness of this class of materials as selective antibacterial agents is highlighted by the high efficacy observed against lethal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice. Cyclic d,l-alpha-peptides are proteolytically stable, easy to synthesize, and can be derived from a potentially vast membrane-active sequence space. The unique abiotic structure of the cyclic peptides and their quick bactericidal action may also contribute to limit temporal acquirement of drug resistant bacteria. The low molecular weight d,l-alpha-peptides offer an attractive complement to the current arsenal of naturally derived antibiotics, and hold considerable potential in combating a variety of existing and emerging infectious diseases.     

Thermodynamic characterization of two novel spin-crossover complexes

Spin-crossover complexes are of great interest to the scientists because of their potential application in molecular-based electronic devices. Some octahedral metal compounds with 3dn (4 ≤ n ≤ 7) configuration can induce a spin state conversion through a fine tuning condition (temperature, pressure, light irradiation, etc.). If the conversion occurs reversibly with a hystersis loop and color change, it will make the system possessing memory effect. The memory effect can be magnified and the …