共析钢经表面研磨处理后微观组织的演化

利用表面研磨处理(SMAT)在共析钢上制备出具有纳米晶体结构的表面层,并利用X射线衍射和透射电镜分析了纳米表面层的微观组织结构及其演变.结果表明:原始组织为层片状铁素体 渗碳体两相复合组织的共析钢经过SMAT后,铁素体晶粒由于位错产生、位错缠结形成位错胞,然后分割晶粒使铁素体细化至纳米尺度,而渗碳体在强烈塑性变形下,经历弯曲、断裂,最终分解成体心立方铁素体和底心正交的石墨.     

Distribution-based CFAR detectors in SAR images

1. INTRODUCTION Many researches have been made on automatic target recognition (ATR) from SAR images in the past few years. Lincoln Laboratory has developed a complete, end-to-end ATR system[1-4]. The whole system inclu- des three stages: detection (or prescreening), discri- mination and classification. In the detection stage, a two-parameter CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detector is used as a prescreener to select candidate targets in an SAR image on the basis of local brightne…     

机械合金化工艺对Fe-Ni合金显微结构的影响

对机械合金化制备的Fe-Ni粉体利用X射线衍射(XRD)进行分析，得到了不同Ni含量和不同球磨时间Fe-Ni纳米晶的XRD谱．实验表明，w(Ni)=10％和20％时，Ni溶入Fe晶格，分别在球磨20h和50h后形成单一的a(bcc)相；w(Ni)=50％时，其先后经历了γ(fcc)→←a(bcc)正逆转变，在球磨120h后最终形成单一γ(fcc)相．无论是a(bcc)相还是γ(fcc)相．它们的固溶度均比块体Fe-Ni合金显著提高．w(Ni)=35％时，则始终是两相共存．对试样的XRD谱采用3种不同的方法测定了Fe-Ni粉体的晶粒尺寸和显微畸变，发现经球磨20h后，不同Ni含量的粉体均呈纳米结构，并随球磨时间延长，Fe-Ni纳米晶的晶粒尺寸下降而显微畸变上升．     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

Exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma

Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. We report here whole-exome sequencing of eight O. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. We identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using Sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with CCA (cases). In addition to the known cancer-related genes TP53 (mutated in 44.4% of cases), KRAS (16.7%) and SMAD4 (16.7%), we identified somatic mutations in 10 newly implicated genes in 14.8-3.7% of cases. These included inactivating mutations in MLL3 (in 14.8% of cases), ROBO2 (9.3%), RNF43 (9.3%) and PEG3 (5.6%), and activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene (9.3%). These genes have functions that can be broadly grouped into three biological classes: (i) deactivation of histone modifiers, (ii) activation of G protein signaling and (iii) loss of genome stability. This study provides insight into the mutational landscape contributing to O. viverrini-related CCA.     

Fe-Ni合金中相能量的修正嵌入原子法计算

运用修正岩入原子法（MEAM）系统地研究了Fe-Ni合金中，面心立方和体心立方两种结构的有序和无序相能量，在用MEAM计算无序的相能量时，引入原子占据某一阵点的几率与成分的等同关系，计算结果表明，α（bcc)和γ（fcc)两种无序相在347℃时平衡原子分数分别为8．6％Ni和31．5％Ni，与相图基本符合，基于3种有序相的能量计算，可预期FeNi3最稳定，FeNi次之，而Fe3Ni最不稳定，这与文献报道的实验结果相符。     

Long-term sensory deprivation prevents dendritic spine loss in primary somatosensory cortex

A substantial decrease in the number of synapses occurs in the mammalian brain from the late postnatal period until the end of life. Although experience plays an important role in modifying synaptic connectivity, its effect on this nearly lifelong synapse loss remains unknown. Here we used transcranial two-photon microscopy to visualize postsynaptic dendritic spines in layer I of the barrel cortex in transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein. We show that in young adolescent mice, long-term sensory deprivation through whisker trimming prevents net spine loss by preferentially reducing the rate of ongoing spine elimination, not by increasing the rate of spine formation. This effect of deprivation diminishes as animals mature but still persists in adulthood. Restoring sensory experience after adolescent deprivation accelerates spine elimination. Similar to sensory manipulation, the rate of spine elimination decreases after chronic blockade of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors with the antagonist MK801, and accelerates after drug withdrawal. These studies of spine dynamics in the primary somatosensory cortex suggest that experience plays an important role in the net loss of synapses over most of an animal's lifespan, particularly during adolescence.     

Review of galactic and extragalactic searches for class I methanol masers

Class I methanol masers are important tools for investigations of star formation throughout the Universe. Recently, a series of surveys for class I methanol masers at the 95 GHz transition toward samples of young stellar objects have been undertaken. These surveys have resulted in the detection of about 200 new class I methanol masers and combined with previous increased the number of known observations they have class I methanol masers in our Galaxy to ~400. From analysis of the relationship between class I methanol maser emission and associated astrophysical objects, it has been shown that the intensity of the class I methanol maser emission is closely correlated with the properties of the 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey （BGPS） dust continuum sources and outflow properties. This further supports the hypothesis that class I methanol masers are collisionally pumped and excited in shocked regions. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that the BGPS catalog is likely to provide more reliable samples for targeting further class I methanol maser searches. A new survey for class I methanol masers toward a larger size sample of BGPS sources to test this is currently underway. The prospects for detecting class I methanol megamasers in extragalactic sources is discussed, and observations constituting the first sensitive search have been proposed.     

X射线能量色散谱表征纳米多层膜的调制结构

提出并讨论了采用 X射线色散谱 ( EDX)技术表征纳米多层膜调制结构的原理和方法 ,对Ti N/ Nb N纳米多层膜的调制结构特征进行了表征 ,并与横截面透射电子显微镜 ( TEM)表征方法进行比较 .结果表明 ,对于多层膜的调制比 ,EDX是一种更为精确和方便的方法 .采用 EDX结合 X射线衍射 ( XRD)技术可以准确、方便地表征纳米多层膜的调制结构 .